Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 22 June 1984:
Vol. 224. no. 4655, pp. 1312 - 1316
DOI: 10.1126/science.6427923

Articles

Science, Vol 224, Issue 4655, 1312-1316
Copyright © 1984 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

The interleukin-2 T-cell system: a new cell growth model

DA Cantrell and KA Smith

Synchronized interleukin-2 receptor-positive T cells, homogeneous immunoaffinity-purified interleukin-2, and a monoclonal antibody to interleukin-2 receptors were used to show that only three factors are critical for T-cell cycle progression: interleukin-2 concentration, interleukin-2 receptor density, and the duration of the interleukin-2 receptor interaction. Since the proliferative characteristics of T cells are identical to those of both prokaryotic and all other eukaryotic cells, these findings provide a new model that accounts fully for the variables that determine cell cycle progression.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
In vivo expansion of T reg cells with IL-2-mAb complexes: induction of resistance to EAE and long-term acceptance of islet allografts without immunosuppression.
K. E. Webster, S. Walters, R. E. Kohler, T. Mrkvan, O. Boyman, C. D. Surh, S. T. Grey, and J. Sprent (2009)
J. Exp. Med. 206, 751-760
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-term increases in lymphocytes and platelets in human T-lymphotropic virus type II infection.
M. T. Bartman, Z. Kaidarova, D. Hirschkorn, R. A. Sacher, J. Fridey, G. Garratty, J. Gibble, J. W. Smith, B. Newman, A. E. Yeo, et al. (2008)
Blood 112, 3995-4002
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
African Trypanosomiasis: Naturally Occurring Regulatory T Cells Favor Trypanotolerance by Limiting Pathology Associated with Sustained Type 1 Inflammation.
M. Guilliams, G. Oldenhove, W. Noel, M. Herin, L. Brys, P. Loi, V. Flamand, M. Moser, P. De Baetselier, and A. Beschin (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 2748-2757
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IL-2 Regulates Expansion of CD4+ T Cell Populations by Affecting Cell Death: Insights from Modeling CFSE Data.
V. V. Ganusov, D. Milutinovic, and R. J. De Boer (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 950-957
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identifying Druglike Inhibitors of Myelin-Reactive T Cells by Phenotypic High-Throughput Screening of a Small-Molecule Library.
C. Rossi, D. Padmanaban, J. Ni, L.-A. Yeh, M. A. Glicksman, and H. Waldner (2007)
J Biomol Screen 12, 481-489
   Abstract »    PDF »
Activation of Adenosine 2A Receptors Attenuates Allograft Rejection and Alloantigen Recognition.
C. P. Sevigny, L. Li, A. S. Awad, L. Huang, M. McDuffie, J. Linden, P. I. Lobo, and M. D. Okusa (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 4240-4249
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A model of immune regulation as a consequence of randomized lymphocyte division and death times.
E. D. Hawkins, M. L. Turner, M. R. Dowling, C. van Gend, and P. D. Hodgkin (2007)
PNAS 104, 5032-5037
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD27 mediates interleukin-2-independent clonal expansion of the CD8+ T cell without effector differentiation.
J. M. Carr, M. J. Carrasco, J. E. D. Thaventhiran, P. J. Bambrough, M. Kraman, A. D. Edwards, A. Al-Shamkhani, and D. T. Fearon (2006)
PNAS 103, 19454-19459
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential regulation of T-cell growth by IL-2 and IL-15.
G. H. Cornish, L. V. Sinclair, and D. A. Cantrell (2006)
Blood 108, 600-608
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of {beta}-glucan obtained from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus and lipopolysaccharide challenge on performance, immunological, adrenal, and somatotropic responses of weanling pigs.
X. F. Mao, X. S. Piao, C. H. Lai, D. F. Li, J. J. Xing, and B. L. Shi (2005)
J Anim Sci 83, 2775-2782
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contrasting Effects of Low-Dose IL-2 on Vaccine-Boosted Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Macaques Chronically Infected with SIVmac251.
J. Nacsa, Y. Edghill-Smith, W.-P. Tsai, D. Venzon, E. Tryniszewska, A. Hryniewicz, M. Moniuszko, A. Kinter, K. A. Smith, and G. Franchini (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 1913-1921
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Late, Prolonged Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Is Required for T Cell Proliferation.
F. V. Lali, J. Crawley, D. A. McCulloch, and B. M. J. Foxwell (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 3527-3534
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sustained IL-12 Signaling Is Required for Th1 Development.
V. Athie-Morales, H. H. Smits, D. A. Cantrell, and C. M. U. Hilkens (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 61-69
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of the Chromosomal Binding Sites and Dimerization Partners of the Viral Oncoprotein Meq in Marek's Disease Virus-Transformed T Cells.
A. M. Levy, Y. Izumiya, P. Brunovskis, L. Xia, M. S. Parcells, S. M. Reddy, L. Lee, H.-W. Chen, and H.-J. Kung (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 12841-12851
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dual upregulation of Fas and Bax promotes alloreactive T cell apoptosis in IL-10 gene targeting of cardiac allografts.
T. C. Tung, K. Oshima, G. Cui, H. Laks, and L. Sen (2003)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285, H964-H973
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stochastic Model of T Cell Proliferation: A Calculus Revealing IL-2 Regulation of Precursor Frequencies, Cell Cycle Time, and Survival.
E. K. Deenick, A. V. Gett, and P. D. Hodgkin (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 4963-4972
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Constitutively Active NFATc1 Mutant Induces a Transformed Phenotype in 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts.
J. W. Neal and N. A. Clipstone (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 17246-17254
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clonal Anergy Is Maintained Independently of T Cell Proliferation.
S. Colombetti, F. Benigni, V. Basso, and A. Mondino (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 6178-6186
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Correlation of Transcriptional Repression by p21SNFT with Changes in DNA{middle dot}NF-AT Complex Interactions.
K. E. Bower, R. W. Zeller, W. Wachsman, T. Martinez, and K. L. McGuire (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34967-34977
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mycophenolic Acid Inhibits IL-2-Dependent T Cell Proliferation, But Not IL-2-Dependent Survival and Sensitization to Apoptosis.
L. Quemeneur, M. Flacher, L.-M. Gerland, M. Ffrench, J.-P. Revillard, and N. Bonnefoy-Berard (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 2747-2755
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Control of IL-2R{alpha} gene expression: structural changes within the proximal enhancer/core promoter during T-cell development.
J.-H. Yeh, S. Spicuglia, S. Kumar, A. Sanchez-Sevilla, P. Ferrier, and J. Imbert (2002)
Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 1944-1951
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
LFA-1 integrin and the microtubular cytoskeleton are involved in the Ca2+-mediated regulation of the activity of the tyrosine kinase PYK2 in T cells.
J. L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, L. Sanchez-Martin, C. A. de Frutos, D. Sancho, M. Robinson, F. Sanchez-Madrid, and C. Cabanas (2002)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 71, 520-530
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Art of the Probable: System Control in the Adaptive Immune System.
R. N. Germain (2001)
Science 293, 240-245
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Phase 1B Study of Subcutaneously Administered Interleukin 2 in Combination with 13-cis Retinoic Acid as Maintenance Therapy in Advanced Cancer.
F. Recchia, S. De Filippis, M. Rosselli, G. Saggio, A. Cesta, L. Fumagalli, and S. Rea (2001)
Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 1251-1257
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Three-Cell Interactions in T Cell-Mediated Suppression? A Mathematical Analysis of Its Quantitative Implications.
K. Leon, R. Perez, A. Lage, and J. Carneiro (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 5356-5365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A ligand-receptor signaling threshold model of stem cell differentiation control: a biologically conserved mechanism applicable to hematopoiesis.
P. W. Zandstra, D. A. Lauffenburger, and C. J. Eaves (2000)
Blood 96, 1215-1222
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-term kinetics of T cell production in HIV-infected subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
S. Fleury, G. P. Rizzardi, A. Chapuis, G. Tambussi, C. Knabenhans, E. Simeoni, J.-Y. Meuwly, J.-M. Corpataux, A. Lazzarin, F. Miedema, et al. (2000)
PNAS 97, 5393-5398
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Lymphoid Homeostasis by IL-2 Receptor Signals In Vivo.
D. T. M. Leung, S. Morefield, and D. M. Willerford (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 3527-3534
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Mode and Duration of Anti-CD28 Costimulation Determine Resistance to Infection by Macrophage-Tropic Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 In Vitro.
J. R. Creson, A. A. Lin, Q. Li, D. F. Broad, M. R. Roberts, and S. J. Anderson (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 9337-9347
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p70s6k Integrates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Rapamycin-Regulated Signals for E2F Regulation in T Lymphocytes.
P. Brennan, J. W. Babbage, G. Thomas, and D. Cantrell (1999)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 4729-4738
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of T-Cell Activation by Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I.
P. Hollsberg (1999)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63, 308-333
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Regulates the Accessibility of the IL-2-Responsive Enhancer in the IL-2 Receptor alpha  Gene to Transcription Factors.
C. Rusterholz, P. C. Henrioud, and M. Nabholz (1999)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 2681-2689
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
c-Rel is crucial for lymphocyte proliferation but dispensable for T cell effector function.
H.-C. Liou, Z. Jin, J. Tumang, S. Andjelic, K. A. Smith, and M.-L. Liou (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 361-371
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4-Mediated Inhibiton of IL-2 Production in Activated T Cells.
M. Bonnard, L. Haughn, and M. Julius (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 1252-1260
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IL-4 Selectively Inhibits IL-2-Triggered Stat5 Activation, But Not Proliferation, in Human T Cells.
A. Castro, T. K. Sengupta, D. C. Ruiz, E. Yang, and L. B. Ivashkiv (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 1261-1269
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Cell Receptor (TCR) Antagonism without a Negative Signal: Evidence from T Cell Hybridomas Expressing Two Independent TCRs.
S. H. Stotz, L. Bolliger, F. R. Carbone, and E. Palmer (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 189, 253-264
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Prevents Activation-Induced Cell Death: IL-2-Independent Inhibition of Fas/fasL Expression and Cell Death.
E. Ayroldi, O. Zollo, L. Cannarile, F. D' Adamio, U. Grohmann, D. V. Delfino, and C. Riccardi (1998)
Blood 92, 4212-4219
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Selective Induction of CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Effector Function by Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B.
C. L. Fuller and V. L. Braciale (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 5179-5186
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell division regulates the T cell cytokine repertoire, revealing a mechanism underlying immune class regulation.
A. V. Gett and P. D. Hodgkin (1998)
PNAS 95, 9488-9493
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dual Role of Ceramide in the Control of Apoptosis Following IL-2 Withdrawal.
I. Flores, C. Martinez-A, Y. A. Hannun, and I. Merida (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 3528-3533
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Production of IL-10 by Human Natural Killer Cells Stimulated with IL-2 and/or IL-12.
P. T. Mehrotra, R. P. Donnelly, S. Wong, H. Kanegane, A. Geremew, H. S. Mostowski, K. Furuke, J. P. Siegel, and E. T. Bloom (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 2637-2644
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteolytic Cleavage of CD25, the alpha  Subunit of the Human T Cell Interleukin 2 Receptor, by Der p 1, a Major Mite Allergen with Cysteine Protease Activity.
O. Schulz, H. F. Sewell, and F. Shakib (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 271-275
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p21WAF1 is dynamically associated with JNK in human T-lymphocytes during cell cycle progression.
R Patel, B Bartosch, and J. Blank (1998)
J. Cell Sci. 111, 2247-2255
   Abstract »    PDF »
Antigen Is Required for the Activation of Effector Activities, whereas Interleukin 2 Is Required for the Maintenance of Memory in Ovalbumin-specific, CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.
Y. Ke, H. Ma, and J. A. Kapp (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 49-57
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Point Mutation in Interleukin-2 That Alters Ligand Internalization.
D. Z. Chang, Z. Wu, and T. L. Ciardelli (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 13349-13355
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Appearance of a Factor That Binds the CD28 Response Element within the Interleukin-2 Enhancer Correlates with Interleukin-2 Production.
A. Civil, A. Bakker, I. Rensink, S. Doerre, L. A. Aarden, and C. L.Verweij (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 8321-8327
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interleukin-12 Synergizes With Interleukin-2 to Generate Lymphokine-Activated Killer Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Cultured in Ovarian Cancer Ascitic Fluid.
D. P. J. Barton, D. K. Blanchard, C. Duan, W. S. Roberts, D. Cavanagh, S. DeCesare, and J. Y. Djeu (1995)
Reproductive Sciences 2, 762-771
   Abstract »    PDF »
A Comparison of the Interaction of Shc and the Tyrosine Kinase ZAP-70 with the T Cell Antigen Receptor [IMAGE] Chain Tyrosine-based Activation Motif.
N. Osman, S. C. Lucas, H. Turner, and D. Cantrell (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13981-13986
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mouse Interleukin-2 Receptor [IMAGE] Gene Expression.
E. Soldaini, M. Pla, F. Beermann, E. Espel, P. Corthésy, S. Barangé, G. A. Waanders, H. R. MacDonald, and M. Nabholz (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 10733-10742
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mouse Interleukin-2 Receptor [IMAGE] Gene Expression.
P. Sperisen, S. M. Wang, E. Soldaini, M. Pla, C. Rusterholz, P. Bucher, P. Corthésy, P. Reichenbach, and M. Nabholz (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 10743-10753
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Usefulness of Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor in Differentiating Tuberculous and Carcinomatous Pleural Effusions.
S.-C. Chang, Y.-T. Hsu, Y.-C. Chen, and C.-Y. Lin (1994)
Arch Intern Med 154, 1097-1101
   Abstract »    PDF »
Dominant interfering alleles define a role for c-Myb in T-cell development..
P Badiani, P Corbella, D Kioussis, J Marvel, and K Weston (1994)
Genes & Dev. 8, 770-782
   Abstract »    PDF »
PAC-1: a mitogen-induced nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase.
P. Rohan, P Davis, C. Moskaluk, M Kearns, H Krutzsch, U Siebenlist, and K Kelly (1993)
Science 259, 1763-1766
   Abstract »    PDF »
Transplant Rejection: Mechanisms and Treatment.
C. Chandler and E. Passaro Jr (1993)
Arch Surg 128, 279-283
   Abstract »    PDF »
Elevated Levels of Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
M.-M. Hsu, J.-Y. Ko, and Y.-L. Chang (1991)
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117, 1257-1259
   Abstract »    PDF »
Activation of early gene expression in T lymphocytes by Oct-1 and an inducible protein, OAP40.
K. Ullman, W. Flanagan, C. Edwards, and G. Crabtree (1991)
Science 254, 558-562
   Abstract »    PDF »
Single cell assay of a transcription factor reveals a threshold in transcription activated by signals emanating from the T-cell antigen receptor..
S Fiering, J P Northrop, G P Nolan, P S Mattila, G R Crabtree, and L A Herzenberg (1990)
Genes & Dev. 4, 1823-1834
   Abstract »    PDF »
Psychological Stress--Induced Modulation of Interleukin 2 Receptor Gene Expression and Interleukin 2 Production in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes.
R. Glaser, S. Kennedy, W. P. Lafuse, R. H. Bonneau, C. Speicher, J. Hillhouse, and J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser (1990)
Arch Gen Psychiatry 47, 707-712
   Abstract »    PDF »
G1/S transition in normal human T-lymphocytes requires the nuclear protein encoded by c-myb.
A. Gewirtz, G Anfossi, D Venturelli, S Valpreda, R Sims, and B Calabretta (1989)
Science 245, 180-183
   Abstract »    PDF »
Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation.
G. Crabtree (1989)
Science 243, 355-361
   Abstract »    PDF »
Interleukin-2: inception, impact, and implications.
K. Smith (1988)
Science 240, 1169-1176
   Abstract »    PDF »
Hemorrhage Without Tissue Trauma Produces Immunosuppression and Enhances Susceptibility to Sepsis.
R. N. Stephan, T. S. Kupper, A. S. Geha, A. E. Baue, and I. H. Chaudry (1987)
Arch Surg 122, 62-68
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Human Interleukin-2 Receptor: Normal and Abnormal Expression in T Cells and in Leukemias Induced by the Human T-Lymphotropic Retroviruses.
W. C. GREENE, W. J. LEONARD, J. M. DEPPER, D. L. NELSON, and T. A. WALDMANN (1986)
Ann Intern Med 105, 560-572
   Abstract »    PDF »
Interleukin-2 induction of T-cell G1 progression and c-myb expression.
J. Stern and K. Smith (1986)
Science 233, 203-206
   Abstract »    PDF »
The structure, function, and expression of interleukin-2 receptors on normal and malignant lymphocytes.
T. Waldmann (1986)
Science 232, 727-732
   Abstract »    PDF »
Identification of a T helper cell-derived lymphokine that activates resting T lymphocytes.
C Milanese, N. Richardson, and E. Reinherz (1986)
Science 231, 1118-1122
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Effects of Hemorrhage and Trauma on Interleukin 2 Production.
E. Abraham and R. F. Regan (1985)
Arch Surg 120, 1341-1344
   Abstract »    PDF »
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Production Is Differently Regulated in gamma delta and alpha beta Human T Lymphocytes.
V. Lafont, J. Liautard, A. Gross, J. P. Liautard, and J. Favero (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 19282-19287
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)