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Science 4 May 1984:
Vol. 224. no. 4648, pp. 500 - 503
DOI: 10.1126/science.6200936
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Articles

Science, Vol 224, Issue 4648, 500-503
Copyright © 1984 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS

RC Gallo, SZ Salahuddin, M Popovic, GM Shearer, M Kaplan, BF Haynes, TJ Palker, R Redfield, J Oleske, B Safai, and al. et

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with signs or symptoms that frequently precede AIDS (pre-AIDS) were grown in vitro with added T-cell growth factor and assayed for the expression and release of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV). Retroviruses belonging to the HTLV family and collectively designated HTLV-III were isolated from a total of 48 subjects including 18 of 21 patients wih pre-AIDS, three of four clinically normal mothers of juveniles with AIDS, 26 of 72 adult and juvenile patients with AIDS, and from one of 22 normal male homosexual subjects. No HTLV-III was detected in or isolated from 115 normal heterosexual subjects. The number of HTLV-III isolates reported here underestimates the true prevalence of the virus since many specimens were received in unsatisfactory condition. Other data show that serum samples from a high proportion of AIDS patients contain antibodies to HTLV-III. That these new isolates are members of the HTLV family but differ from the previous isolates known as HTLV-I and HTLV-II is indicated by their morphological, biological, and immunological characteristics. These results and those reported elsewhere in this issue suggest that HTLV-III may be the primary cause of AIDS.


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J. Immunol. 165, 1612-1617
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H.-X. Liao, D. C. Montefiori, D. D. Patel, D. M. Lee, W. K. Scott, M. Pericak-Vance, and B. F. Haynes (2000)
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Envelope Glycoprotein Determinants of Increased Fusogenicity in a Pathogenic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV-KB9) Passaged In Vivo.
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Adaptation of a CCR5-Using, Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate for CD4-Independent Replication.
P. Kolchinsky, T. Mirzabekov, M. Farzan, E. Kiprilov, M. Cayabyab, L. J. Mooney, H. Choe, and J. Sodroski (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 8120-8126
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Determinants of Neutralization Resistance in the Envelope Glycoproteins of a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Passaged In Vivo.
B. Etemad-Moghadam, Y. Sun, E. K. Nicholson, G. B. Karlsson, D. Schenten, and J. Sodroski (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 8873-8879
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Inflammatory Cytokines Synergize with the HIV-1 Tat Protein to Promote Angiogenesis and Kaposi's Sarcoma Via Induction of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and the {alpha}v{beta}3 Integrin.
G. Barillari, C. Sgadari, C. Palladino, R. Gendelman, A. Caputo, C. B. Morris, B. C. Nair, P. Markham, A. Nel, M. Sturzl, et al. (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 1929-1935
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Effects of Soluble CD4 on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of CD4-Positive and CD4-Negative Cells.
D. Schenten, L. Marcon, G. B. Karlsson, C. Parolin, T. Kodama, N. Gerard, and J. Sodroski (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 5373-5380
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Progesterone-Induced Inhibition of Chemokine Receptor Expression on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlates with Reduced HIV-1 Infectability In Vitro.
N. Vassiliadou, L. Tucker, and D. J. Anderson (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 7510-7518
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Improved Mg2+-Based Reverse Transcriptase Assay for Detection of Primate Retroviruses.
J. F. Sears, R. Repaske, and A. S. Khan (1999)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 1704-1708
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Probability Analysis of Variational Crystallization and Its Application to gp120, The Exterior Envelope Glycoprotein of Type 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1).
P. D. Kwong, R. Wyatt, E. Desjardins, J. Robinson, J. S. Culp, B. D. Hellmig, R. W. Sweet, J. Sodroski, and W. A. Hendrickson (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 4115-4123
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Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Test for Detection of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
H. Arai, B. Petchclai, K. Khupulsup, T. Kurimura, and K. Takeda (1999)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 367-370
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Changes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins Responsible for the Pathogenicity of a Multiply Passaged Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV-HXBc2).
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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Epitopes Recognized by Neutralizing Antibodies from Infected Monkeys.
B. Etemad-Moghadam, G. B. Karlsson, M. Halloran, Y. Sun, D. Schenten, M. Fernandes, N. L. Letvin, and J. Sodroski (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 8437-8445
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The Envelope Glycoprotein Ectodomains Determine the Efficiency of CD4+ T Lymphocyte Depletion in Simian- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques.
G. B. Karlsson, M. Halloran, D. Schenten, J. Lee, P. Racz, K. Tenner-Racz, J. Manola, R. Gelman, B. Etemad-Moghadam, E. Desjardins, et al. (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 188, 1159-1171
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Dissociation of the CD4 and CXCR4 Binding Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 by Deletion of the First Putative Alpha-Helical Conserved Structure.
D. Misse, M. Cerutti, I. Schmidt, A. Jansen, G. Devauchelle, F. Jansen, and F. Veas (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 7280-7288
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stabilization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers by Disulfide Bonds Introduced into the gp41 Glycoprotein Ectodomain.
M. Farzan, H. Choe, E. Desjardins, Y. Sun, J. Kuhn, J. Cao, D. Archambault, P. Kolchinsky, M. Koch, R. Wyatt, et al. (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 7620-7625
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Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Activation by Soluble CD4 and Monoclonal Antibodies.
N. Sullivan, Y. Sun, J. Binley, J. Lee, C. F. Barbas III, P. W. H. I. Parren, D. R. Burton, and J. Sodroski (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 6332-6338
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The Orphan Seven-Transmembrane Receptor Apj Supports the Entry of Primary T-Cell-Line-Tropic and Dualtropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
H. Choe, M. Farzan, M. Konkel, K. Martin, Y. Sun, L. Marcon, M. Cayabyab, M. Berman, M. E. Dorf, N. Gerard, et al. (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 6113-6118
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The Basic Domain in HIV-1 Tat Protein as a Target for Polysulfonated Heparin-mimicking Extracellular Tat Antagonists.
M. Rusnati, G. Tulipano, C. Urbinati, E. Tanghetti, R. Giuliani, M. Giacca, M. Ciomei, A. Corallini, and M. Presta (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16027-16037
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The HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins: Fusogens, Antigens, and Immunogens.
R. Wyatt and J. Sodroski (1998)
Science 280, 1884-1888
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CD4-Induced Conformational Changes in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Glycoprotein: Consequences for Virus Entry and Neutralization.
N. Sullivan, Y. Sun, Q. Sattentau, M. Thali, D. Wu, G. Denisova, J. Gershoni, J. Robinson, J. Moore, and J. Sodroski (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 4694-4703
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1,1,3-Trioxo-2H,4H-Thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]Thiadiazine (TTD) Derivatives: a New Class of Nonnucleoside Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
M. Witvrouw, M. E. Arranz, C. Pannecouque, R. Declercq, H. Jonckheere, J.-C. Schmit, A.-M. Vandamme, J. A. Diaz, S. T. Ingate, J. Desmyter, et al. (1998)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 618-623
   Abstract »    Full Text »
A Tyrosine-Rich Region in the N Terminus of CCR5 Is Important for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry and Mediates an Association between gp120 and CCR5.
M. Farzan, H. Choe, L. Vaca, K. Martin, Y. Sun, E. Desjardins, N. Ruffing, L. Wu, R. Wyatt, N. Gerard, et al. (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 1160-1164
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Human Rhinovirus Type 14:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) V3 Loop Chimeras from a Combinatorial Library Induce Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses against HIV-1.
A. D. Smith, S. C. Geisler, A. A. Chen, D. A. Resnick, B. M. Roy, P. J. Lewi, E. Arnold, and G. F. Arnold (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 651-659
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National HIV Case Reporting for the United States -- A Defining Moment in the History of the Epidemic.
L. O. Gostin, J. W. Ward, and A. C. Baker (1997)
N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 1162-1167
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Interaction of HIV-1 Tat Protein with Heparin. ROLE OF THE BACKBONE STRUCTURE, SULFATION, AND SIZE.
M. Rusnati, D. Coltrini, P. Oreste, G. Zoppetti, A. Albini, D. Noonan, F. d'A. di Fagagna, M. Giacca, and M. Presta (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 11313-11320
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HIV-1 Entry and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1beta -mediated Signaling Are Independent Functions of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5.
M. Farzan, H. Choe, K. A. Martin, Y. Sun, M. Sidelko, C. R. Mackay, N. P. Gerard, J. Sodroski, and C. Gerard (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 6854-6857
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Cysteine Protease Activated by Expression of HIV-1 Protease in Transgenic Mice. MIP26 (AQUAPORIN-0) CLEAVAGE AND CATARACT FORMATION IN VIVO AND EX VIVO.
K. P. Mitton, T. Kamiya, S. J. Tumminia, and P. Russell (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 31803-31806
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Activation of the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat by Cytokines and Environmental Stress Requires an Active CSBP/p38 MAP Kinase.
S. Kumar, M. J. Orsini, J. C. Lee, P. C. McDonnell, C. Debouck, and PeterR. Young (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 30864-30869
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pneumocystis Pneumonia--Los Angeles.
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JAMA 276, 1020-1022
   Abstract »    PDF »
Inhibition of HIV-1 Production and Selective Degradation of Viral RNA by an Amphibian Ribonuclease.
S. K. Saxena, M. Gravell, Y.-N. Wu, S. M. Mikulski, K. Shogen, W. Ardelt, and R. J. Youle (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20783-20788
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Preventative action and the diffusion of HIV/AIDS.
F. Smyth and R. Thomas (1996)
Progress in Human Geography 20, 1-22
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Predictors of Taiwanese Nurses' Intention to Care for Patients who are HIV Positive.
Y.-F. Tsai and M. L. Keller (1995)
Clin Nurs Res 4, 442-464
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