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Science 16 December 1983:
Vol. 222. no. 4629, pp. 1195 - 1202
DOI: 10.1126/science.222.4629.1195
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Articles

Meteorological Aspects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation

Eugene M. Rasmusson 1 and John M. Wallace 2

1 Chief, Diagnostics Branch, Climate Analysis Center, National Meteorological Center/National Weather Service, Washington, D.C. 20233.
2 Professor in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences and director of the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

The single most prominent signal in year-to-year climate variability is the Southern Oscillation, which is associated with fluctuations in atmospheric pressure at sea level in the tropics, monsoon rainfall, and wintertime circulation over North America and other parts of the extratropics. Although meteorologists have known about the Southern Oscillation for more than a half-century, its relation to the oceanic El Niño phenomenon was not recognized until the late 1960's, and a theoretical understanding of these relations has begun to emerge only during the past few years. The past 18 months have been characterized by what is probably the most pronounced and certainly the best-documented El Niño/Southern Oscillation episode of the past century. In this review meteorological aspects of the time history of the 1982-1983 episode are described and compared with a composite based on six previous events between 1950 and 1975, and the impact of these new observations on theoretical interpretations of the event is discussed.


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