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Science 30 September 1983:
Vol. 221. no. 4618, pp. 1376 - 1378
DOI: 10.1126/science.221.4618.1376
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Articles

Seismic Precursors to the Mount St. Helens Eruptions in 1981 and 1982

STEPHEN D. MALONE 1, CHRISTINA BOYKO 1, and CRAIG S. WEAVER 2

1 Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
2 U.S. Geological Survey at University of Washington

Six categories of seismic events are recognized on the seismograms from stations in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens. Two types of high-frequency earthquakes occur near the volcano and under the volcano at depths of more than 4 kilometers. Medium- and low-frequency earthquakes occur at shallow depths (less than 3 kilometers) within the volcano and increase in number and size before eruptions. Temporal changes in the energy release of the low-frequency earthquakes have been used in predicting all the eruptions since October 1980. During and after eruptions, two types of low-frequency emergent surface events occur, including rockfalls and steam or gas bursts from the lava dome.

Submitted on January 26, 1983
Revised on June 28, 1983


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
A microseismicity survey of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge.
R. S. JACOBSON, L. D. BIBEE, R. W. EMBLEY, and S. R. HAMMOND (1987)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 77, 160-172
   Abstract »    PDF »
Predicting Eruptions at Mount St. Helens, June 1980 Through December 1982.
D. A. Swanson, D. A. SWANSON, T. J. CASADEVALL, D. DZURISIN, S. D. MALONE, C. G. NEWHALL, and C. S. WEAVER (1983)
Science 221, 1369-1376
   Abstract »    PDF »
Deformation Monitoring at Mount St. Helens in 1981 and 1982.
W. W. Chadwick, W. W. CHADWICK JR., D. A. SWANSON, E. Y. IWATSUBO, C. C. HELIKER, and T. A. LEIGHLEY (1983)
Science 221, 1378-1380
   Abstract »    PDF »
Deep Earthquakes Beneath Mount St. Helens: Evidence for Magmatic Gas Transport?.
C. S. Weaver, C. S. WEAVER, J. E. ZOLLWEG, and S. D. MALONE (1983)
Science 221, 1391-1394
   Abstract »    PDF »


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