Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 12 August 1983:
Vol. 221. no. 4611, pp. 614 - 620
DOI: 10.1126/science.6867732
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 221, Issue 4611, 614-620
Copyright © 1983 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Choline and cholinergic neurons

JK Blusztajn and RJ Wurtman

Mammalian neurons can synthesize choline by methylating phosphatidylethanolamine and hydrolyzing the resulting phosphatidylcholine. This process is stimulated by catecholamines. The phosphatidylethanolamine is synthesized in part from phosphatidylserine; hence the amino acids methionine (acting after conversion to S-adenosylmethionine) and serine can be the ultimate precursors of choline. Brain choline concentrations are generally higher than plasma concentrations, but depend on plasma concentrations because of the kinetic characteristics of the blood-brain-barrier transport system. When cholinergic neurons are activated, acetylcholine release can be enhanced by treatments that increase plasma choline (for example, consumption of certain foods).


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Choline concentrations in human maternal and cord blood and intelligence at 5 y of age.
C. Signore, P. M. Ueland, J. Troendle, and J. L Mills (2008)
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition 87, 896-902
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Choline Transport for Phospholipid Synthesis..
V. Michel, Z. Yuan, S. Ramsubir, and M. Bakovic (2006)
Experimental Biology and Medicine 231, 490-504
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CDP-choline Significantly Restores Phosphatidylcholine Levels by Differentially Affecting Phospholipase A2 and CTP: Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase after Stroke.
R. M. Adibhatla, J. F. Hatcher, E. C. Larsen, X. Chen, D. Sun, and F. H. C. Tsao (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 6718-6725
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Medial Thalamic Creatine-Phosphocreatine Found by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Versus Major Depression and Healthy Controls.
Y. Mirza, J. O'Neill, E. A. Smith, A. Russell, J. M. Smith, S. P. Banerjee, R. Bhandari, C. Boyd, M. Rose, J. Ivey, et al. (2006)
J Child Neurol 21, 106-111
   Abstract »    PDF »
Chronic Atrioventricular Nodal Vagal Stimulation: First Evidence for Long-Term Ventricular Rate Control in Canine Atrial Fibrillation Model.
Y. Zhang, H. Yamada, S. Bibevski, S. Zhuang, K. A. Mowrey, D. W. Wallick, S. Oh, and T. N. Mazgalev (2005)
Circulation 112, 2904-2911
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Choline Transporter Surface Expression and Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C and Protein Phosphatase 1/2A.
J. Gates Jr., S. M. Ferguson, R. D. Blakely, and S. Apparsundaram (2004)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 310, 536-545
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Choline Transporter 1 Maintains Cholinergic Function in Choline Acetyltransferase Haploinsufficiency.
E. P. Brandon, T. Mellott, D. P. Pizzo, N. Coufal, K. A. D'Amour, K. Gobeske, M. Lortie, I. Lopez-Coviella, B. Berse, L. J. Thal, et al. (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 5459-5466
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Choline-deficient Diet in Mice Inhibits neither the CDP-choline Pathway for Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis in Hepatocytes nor Apolipoprotein B Secretion.
A. Kulinski, D. E. Vance, and J. E. Vance (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 23916-23924
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acetylcholine Is an Autocrine or Paracrine Hormone Synthesized and Secreted by Airway Bronchial Epithelial Cells.
B. J. Proskocil, H. S. Sekhon, Y. Jia, V. Savchenko, R. D. Blakely, J. Lindstrom, and E. R. Spindel (2004)
Endocrinology 145, 2498-2506
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
tan and ebony Genes Regulate a Novel Pathway for Transmitter Metabolism at Fly Photoreceptor Terminals.
J. Borycz, J. A. Borycz, M. Loubani, and I. A. Meinertzhagen (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 10549-10557
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Selective AV nodal vagal stimulation improves hemodynamics during acute atrial fibrillation in dogs.
D. W. Wallick, Y. Zhang, T. Tabata, S. Zhuang, K. A. Mowrey, J. Watanabe, N. L. Greenberg, R. A. Grimm, and T. N. Mazgalev (2001)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281, H1490-H1497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Medial Thalamic Choline in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as Detected by Quantitative in Vivo Spectroscopic Imaging.
D. R. Rosenberg, A. Amponsah, A. Sullivan, S. MacMillan, and G. J. Moore (2001)
J Child Neurol 16, 636-641
   Abstract »    PDF »
Autonomic Modification of the Atrioventricular Node During Atrial Fibrillation : Role in the Slowing of Ventricular Rate.
T. N. Mazgalev, S. Garrigue, K. A. Mowrey, Y. Yamanouchi, and P. J. Tchou (1999)
Circulation 99, 2806-2814
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prenatal Dietary Choline Supplementation Decreases the Threshold for Induction of Long-Term Potentiation in Young Adult Rats.
G. K. Pyapali, D. A. Turner, C. L. Williams, W. H. Meck, and H. S. Swartzwelder (1998)
J Neurophysiol 79, 1790-1796
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prenatal availability of choline modifies development of the hippocampal cholinergic system.
J. M. Cermak, T. Holler, D. A. Jackson, and J. K. Blusztajn (1998)
FASEB J 12, 349-357
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Cerebral Metabolism of Patients With Stenosis or Occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery : A 1H-MR Spectroscopic Imaging Study.
J. van der Grond, R. Balm, L.J. Kappelle, B.C. Eikelboom, and W.P.T.M. Mali (1995)
Stroke 26, 822-828
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Testing the Effects of Dietary Lecithin on Memory in the Elderly: An Example of Social Work/ Medical Research Collaboration.
F. Safford and B. Baumel (1994)
Research on Social Work Practice 4, 349-358
   Abstract »    PDF »
Choline Release and Inhibition of Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis Precede Excitotoxic Neuronal Death but Not Neurotoxicity Induced by Serum Deprivation.
T. Gasull, N. DeGregorio-Rocasolano, A. Zapata, and R. Trullas (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18350-18357
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An electric lobe suppressor for a yeast choline transport mutation belongs to a new family of transporter-like proteins.
S. O'Regan, E. Traiffort, M. Ruat, N. Cha, D. Compaore, and F.-M. Meunier (2000)
PNAS 97, 1835-1840
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protective Effects of Prenatal Choline Supplementation on Seizure-Induced Memory Impairment.
Y. Yang, Z. Liu, J. M. Cermak, P. Tandon, M. R. Sarkisian, C. E. Stafstrom, J. C. Neill, J. K. Blusztajn, and G. L. Holmes (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, RC109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


ADVERTISEMENT
Click Me!

ADVERTISEMENT
Click Me!

To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)