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Science 24 September 1982:
Vol. 217. no. 4566, pp. 1214 - 1222
DOI: 10.1126/science.7112124
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Articles

Science, Vol 217, Issue 4566, 1214-1222
Copyright © 1982 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems

PH Yancey, ME Clark, SC Hand, RD Bowlus, and GN Somero

Striking convergent evolution is found in the properties of the organic osmotic solute (osmolyte) systems observed in bacteria, plants, and animals. Polyhydric alcohols, free amino acids and their derivatives, and combinations of urea and methylamines are the three types of osmolyte systems found in all water-stressed organisms except the halobacteria. The selective advantages of the organic osmolyte systems are, first, a compatibility with macromolecular structure and function at high or variable (or both) osmolyte concentrations, and, second, greatly reduced needs for modifying proteins to function in concentrated intracellular solutions. Osmolyte compatibility is proposed to result from the absence of osmolyte interactions with substrates and cofactors, and the nonperturbing or favorable effects of osmolytes on macromolecular-solvent interactions.


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Aldose Reductase Induced by Hyperosmotic Stress Mediates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF SORBITOL AND MANNITOL.
A. S. Galvez, J. A. Ulloa, M. Chiong, A. Criollo, V. Eisner, L. F. Barros, and S. Lavandero (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 38484-38494
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Glutamate Counteracts the Denaturing Effect of Urea through Its Effect on the Denatured State.
A. K. Mandal, S. Samaddar, R. Banerjee, S. Lahiri, A. Bhattacharyya, and S. Roy (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 36077-36084
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Mammalian Osmolytes and S-Nitrosoglutathione Promote {Delta}F508 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Protein Maturation and Function.
M. Howard, H. Fischer, J. Roux, B. C. Santos, S. R. Gullans, P. H. Yancey, and W. J. Welch (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 35159-35167
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The Yeast hnRNP-like Protein Hrp1/Nab4 Accumulates in the Cytoplasm after Hyperosmotic Stress: A Novel Fps1-dependent Response.
M. F. Henry, D. Mandel, V. Routson, and P. A. Henry (2003)
Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 3929-3941
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{beta}-Alanine N-Methyltransferase of Limonium latifolium. cDNA Cloning and Functional Expression of a Novel N-Methyltransferase Implicated in the Synthesis of the Osmoprotectant {beta}-Alanine Betaine.
S. B. Raman and B. Rathinasabapathi (2003)
Plant Physiology 132, 1642-1651
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