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Science 8 May 1981:
Vol. 212. no. 4495, pp. 695 - 696
DOI: 10.1126/science.212.4495.695
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Articles

"Self-Awareness" in the Pigeon

ROBERT EPSTEIN 1, ROBERT P. LANZA 1, and B. F. SKINNER 1

1 Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Each of three pigeons used a mirror to locate a spot on its body which it could not see directly. Although similar behavior in primates has been attributed to a self-concept or other cognitive process, the present example suggests an account in terms of environmental events.

Submitted on November 8, 1980


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Inaugural Article: The monkey in the mirror: Hardly a stranger.
F. B. M. de Waal, M. Dindo, C. A. Freeman, and M. J. Hall (2005)
PNAS 102, 11140-11147
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)