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Science 13 March 1981:
Vol. 211. no. 4487, pp. 1126 - 1131
DOI: 10.1126/science.7008198
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Articles

Science, Vol 211, Issue 4487, 1126-1131
Copyright © 1981 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Minerals formed by organisms

HA Lowenstam

Organisms are capable of forming a diverse array of minerals, some of which cannot be formed inorganically in the biosphere. The initial precipitates may differ from the form in which they are finally stabilized, or during development of the organism one mineral may substitute for another. Biogenic minerals commonly have attributes which distinguish them from their inorganic counterparts. They fulfill important biological functions. They have been formed in ever-increasing amounts during the last 600 million years and have radically altered the character of the biosphere.


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