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Science 13 February 1981:
Vol. 211. no. 4483, pp. 717 - 719
DOI: 10.1126/science.7192883
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Articles

Science, Vol 211, Issue 4483, 717-719
Copyright © 1981 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Free and forced diving in birds

JW Kanwisher, G Gabrielsen, and N Kanwisher

Heart rates were measured during free and forced diving on each of two species of aquatic birds: the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), a true diver, and the Canada goose (Branta candensis), a bottom feeder in shallow water. When they immersed voluntarily they showed no bradycardia, but when the same birds were forcibly held under water there was a rapid drop in heart rate to well below that at rest. This decrease indicates that ther may be a large component of emotional stress in the heart rate records from previous diving studies where restrained animals were forcibly submerged.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The effects of depth on the cardiac and behavioural responses of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) during voluntary diving.
M. R. Enstipp, R. D. Andrews, and D. R. Jones (2001)
J. Exp. Biol. 204, 4081-4092
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Estimation of the rate of oxygen consumption of the common eider duck (Somateria mollissima), with some measurements of heart rate during voluntary dives.
P. Hawkins, P. Butler, A. Woakes, and J. Speakman (2000)
J. Exp. Biol. 203, 2819-2832
   Abstract »    PDF »
Seal lungs collapse during free diving: evidence from arterial nitrogen tensions.
K. Falke, R. Hill, J Qvist, R. Schneider, M Guppy, G. Liggins, P. Hochachka, R. Elliott, and W. Zapol (1985)
Science 229, 556-558
   Abstract »    PDF »


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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)