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Science 17 October 1980:
Vol. 210. no. 4467, pp. 268 - 273
DOI: 10.1126/science.7423186
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Articles

Science, Vol 210, Issue 4467, 268-273
Copyright © 1980 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Ultrasonic diagnostic instruments

RL Popp and A Macovski

The underlying physical principles and current limitations of diagnostic ultrasonic instruments are reviewed. Recently developed ultrasonic imaging devices using pulsed-reflected ultrasound are discussed in detail. These instruments transmit short trains of 1.5- to 10-megahertz sound. Echoes reflected from tissue are converted to electrical signals, which are presented on a display device to outline the contour of tissues and organs within the body. The physical resolution of the system is dependent on several design factors in addition to the transmitted sound frequencies. A resolution volume of approximately 1.5 by 3 by 4 millimeters is achieved optimally with commercially available systems operating at 2.25 megahertz. The various instrument designs are described in the context of clinical usage. Because the sound is diffracted, refracted, and reflected, tghe imaging considerations are different from those of x-ray imaging. Diagnostic devices based on the Doppler principle are distinguished from pulsed-reflected ultrasonic instruments.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Microelectronics and computers in medicine.
J. Meindl (1982)
Science 215, 792-797
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