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Science 25 July 1980:
Vol. 209. no. 4455, pp. 491 - 493
DOI: 10.1126/science.209.4455.491
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Articles

Volcanic Contribution of Chlorine to the Stratosphere: More Significant to Ozone Than Previously Estimated?

DAVID A. JOHNSTON 1

1 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025

Earlier estimates of the chlorine emission from volcanoes, based upon evaluations of the preeruption magmatic chlorine content, are too low for some explosive volcanoes by a factor of 20 to 40 or more. Degassing of ash erupted during 1976 by Augustine Volcano in Alaska released 525 x 106 kilograms of chlorine (± 40 percent), of which 82 x 106 to 175 x 106 kilograms may have been ejected into the stratosphere as hydrogen chloride. This stratospheric contribution is equivalent to 17 to 36 percent of the 1975 world industrial production of chlorine in fluorocarbons.

Submitted on May 7, 1979
Revised on January 11, 1980


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