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Science 15 February 1980:
Vol. 207. no. 4432, pp. 786 - 788
DOI: 10.1126/science.7352290
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Articles

Science, Vol 207, Issue 4432, 786-788
Copyright © 1980 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light

TH Goldsmith

Three species of hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri, Lampornis clemenciae, and Eugenes fulgens) were trained to make visual discriminations between lights of different spectral content. On the basis of initial choices of feeders following a period of conditioning, birds of all three species were able to distinguish near ultraviolet (370 nanometers, 20-nanometer half bandwidth) from darkness (unilluminated viewing screen) or from the small amount of far red light that leaked through the ultraviolet-transmitting glass filter. A human observer was unable to make either discrimination. The birds were also able to distinguish white lights lacking wavelengths shorter than 400 nanometers from the full spectrum of the quartz-halogen bulbs. One can infer that the cone oil droplets, which have been lost from the retinas of most mammals, provide a potentially more flexible system for restricting the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum than does the filtering action of lens and macula that serves this function in the human eye.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
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Limits to the salience of ultraviolet: lessons from colour vision in bees and birds.
P. G. Kevan, L. Chittka, and A. G. Dyer (2002)
J. Exp. Biol. 204, 2571-2580
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Perception of solar UVB radiation by phytophagous insects: Behavioral responses and ecosystem implications.
C. A. Mazza, J. Zavala, A. L. Scopel, and C. L. Ballare (1999)
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The ultraviolet receptor of bird retinas.
D. Chen, J. Collins, and T. Goldsmith (1984)
Science 225, 337-340
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Ultraviolet visual pigment in a vertebrate: a tetrachromatic cone system in the dace.
F. Harosi and Y Hashimoto (1983)
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