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Science 19 November 1976:
Vol. 194. no. 4267, pp. 841 - 842
DOI: 10.1126/science.194.4267.841
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Articles

Submergent Macrophytes: Growth Under Winter Ice Cover

CHARLES W. BOYLEN 1 and RICHARD B. SHELDON 1

1 Freshwater Institute and Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12181

Densities of 26 submergent macrophyte species were determined in situ regularly for 3 years by individuals using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba). Although most of these species grew only during the summer, ten maintained high population densities and productivity throughout the winter. Maximum winter photosynthetic activity was 10 to 20 percent of summer rates. Extensive productivity of submergent aquatic plants under winter ice cover has not been well documented.

Submitted on December 15, 1975
Revised on May 3, 1976

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)