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Science 1 October 1976: Vol. 194. no. 4260, pp. 23 - 28 DOI: 10.1126/science.959840
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Articles
Science, Vol 194, Issue 4260, 23-28
Copyright © 1976 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations
PC Nowell
It is proposed that most neoplasms arise from a single cell of origin, and tumor progression results from acquired genetic variability within the original clone allowing sequential selection of more aggressive sublines. Tumor cell populations are apparently more genetically unstable than normal cells, perhaps from activation of specific gene loci in the neoplasm, continued presence of carcinogen, or even nutritional deficiencies within the tumor. The acquired genetic insta0ility and associated selection process, most readily recognized cytogenetically, results in advanced human malignancies being highly individual karyotypically and biologically. Hence, each patient's cancer may require individual specific therapy, and even this may be thwarted by emergence of a genetically variant subline resistant to the treatment. More research should be directed toward understanding and controlling the evolutionary process in tumors before it reaches the late stage usually seen in clinical cancer.
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Arch Surg
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- Metapopulation dynamics and spatial heterogeneity in cancer.
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PNAS
99, 13085-13089
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- Amplification/Overexpression of a Mitotic Kinase Gene in Human Bladder Cancer.
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J Natl Cancer Inst
94, 1320-1329
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- Escherichia coli Strains (ndk) Lacking Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase Are Powerful Mutators for Base Substitutions and Frameshifts in Mismatch-Repair-Deficient Strains.
- J. H. Miller, P. Funchain, W. Clendenin, T. Huang, A. Nguyen, E. Wolff, A. Yeung, J.-H. Chiang, L. Garibyan, M. M. Slupska, et al. (2002)
Genetics
162, 5-13
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- Neoplastic Transformation of Human Lung Fibroblast MRC-5 SV2 Cells Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene and Confluence Culture.
- H. Zhu and N. Gooderham (2002)
Cancer Res.
62, 4605-4609
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- Variable Levels of Chromosomal Instability and Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint Defects in Breast Cancer.
- D.-S. Yoon, R. P. Wersto, W. Zhou, F. J. Chrest, E. S. Garrett, T. K. Kwon, and E. Gabrielson (2002)
Am. J. Pathol.
161, 391-397
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- Multiple centrosomes arise from tetraploidy checkpoint failure and mitotic centrosome clusters in p53 and RB pocket protein-compromised cells.
- F. Borel, O. D. Lohez, F. B. Lacroix, and R. L. Margolis (2002)
PNAS
99, 9819-9824
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- Application of Information Theory and Extreme Physical Information to Carcinogenesis.
- R. A. Gatenby and B. R. Frieden (2002)
Cancer Res.
62, 3675-3684
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- Prognostic Significance of the Metastasis-associated Protein Osteopontin in Human Breast Cancer.
- P. S. Rudland, A. Platt-Higgins, M. El-Tanani, S. de Silva Rudland, R. Barraclough, J. H. R. Winstanley, R. Howitt, and C. R. West (2002)
Cancer Res.
62, 3417-3427
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