Related Content
Search Google Scholar for:
|
|
Science 21 December 1973: Vol. 182. no. 4118, pp. 1275 - 1278 DOI: 10.1126/science.182.4118.1275
|
|
Articles
Flexible System for the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia: Report from the WHO International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia
William T. Carpenter Jr. 1,
John S. Strauss 2, and
John J. Bartko 3
1 Psychiatric Assessment Section, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014
2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620
3 Biometry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
Behavioral data on a large patient group were collected by investigators from nine countries in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, sponsored by the World Health Organization. The data on half the group were analyzed to derive a system of 12 signs and symptoms for the identification of schizophrenia, as this disorder is diagnosed in many centers throughout the world. The findings were replicated with the other half of the patient group. The criteria constitute an operational method for identifying patients who would be commonly considered schizophrenic in many centers.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
- Taking the Perspective of the Other Contributes to Awareness of Illness in Schizophrenia.
- R. Langdon and P. Ward (2009)
Schizophr Bull
35, 1003-1011
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Toward a Model of Cognitive Insight in First-Episode Psychosis: Verbal Memory and Hippocampal Structure.
- L. Buchy, Y. Czechowska, C. Chochol, A. Malla, R. Joober, J. Pruessner, and M. Lepage (2009)
Schizophr Bull
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Competing Definitions of Schizophrenia: What Can Be Learned From Polydiagnostic Studies?.
- L. B. Jansson and J. Parnas (2007)
Schizophr Bull
33, 1178-1200
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Medication Adherence Among Psychotic Patients Before Admission to Inpatient Treatment.
- H. Rittmannsberger, T. Pachinger, P. Keppelmuller, and J. Wancata (2004)
Psychiatr Serv
55, 174-179
| Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
- Awareness of Illness in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective and Mood Disorders.
- X. F. Amador, M. Flaum, N. C. Andreasen, D. H. Strauss, S. A. Yale, S. C. Clark, and J. M. Gorman (1994)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
51, 826-836
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- A Polydiagnostic Application of Operational Criteria in Studies of Psychotic Illness: Development and Reliability of the OPCRIT System.
- P. McGuffin, A. Farmer, and I. Harvey (1991)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
48, 764-770
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Relationship to Course and Outcome.
- A. F. Frank and J. G. Gunderson (1990)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
47, 228-236
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Dopamine Metabolism in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Drug-Free Schizophrenic Patients With and Without Cortical Atrophy.
- D. P. van Kammen, W. B. van Kammen, L. S. Mann, T. Seppala, and M. Linnoila (1986)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
43, 978-983
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Diagnosis of Schizophrenia: Prediction of Short-term Outcome.
- J. Endicott, J. Nee, J. Cohen, J. L. Fleiss, and R. Simon (1986)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
43, 13-19
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- The Assessment of Affective Disorders in Children and Adolescents by Semistructured Interview: Test-Retest Reliability of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Present Episode Version.
- W. J. Chambers, J. Puig-Antich, M. Hirsch, P. Paez, P. J. Ambrosini, M. A. Tabrizi, and M. Davies (1985)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
42, 696-702
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Twin Concordance for Operationally Defined Schizophrenia: Confirmation of Familiality and Heritability.
- P. McGuffin, A. E. Farmer, I. I. Gottesman, R. M. Murray, and A. M. Reveley (1984)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
41, 541-545
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Testing Four Diagnostic Systems for Schizophrenia.
- T. H. McGlashan (1984)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
41, 141-144
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- CSF Dopamine {beta}-Hydroxylase in Schizophrenia: Low Activity Associated With Good Prognosis and Good Response to Neuroleptic Treatment.
- D. E. Sternberg, D. P. van Kammen, P. Lerner, J. C. Ballenger, S. R. Marder, R. M. Post, and W. E. Bunney Jr (1983)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
40, 743-747
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- {alpha}-Adrenergic Receptor Function in Schizophrenia: Receptor Number, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Production, Adenylate Cyclase Activity, and Effect of Drugs.
- M. S. Kafka and D. P. van Kammen (1983)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
40, 264-270
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- The Choice of Diagnostic Criteria for Biological Research.
- R. E. Kendell (1982)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
39, 1334-1339
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia: Reliabilities and Agreement Between Systems.
- J. Endicott, J. Nee, J. Fleiss, J. Cohen, J. B. W. Williams, and R. Simon (1982)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
39, 884-889
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Cerebral Glucography With Positron Tomography: Use in Normal Subjects and in Patients With Schizophrenia.
- M. S. Buchsbaum, D. H. Ingvar, R. Kessler, R. N. Waters, J. Cappelletti, D. P. van Kammen, A. C. King, J. L. Johnson, R. G. Manning, R. W. Flynn, et al. (1982)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
39, 251-259
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Antipsychotic Effects of Pimozide in Schizophrenia: Treatment Response Prediction With Acute Dextroamphetamine Response.
- D. P. van Kammen, J. P. Docherty, S. R. Marder, S. C. Schulz, L. Dalton, and W. E. Bunney Jr (1982)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
39, 261-266
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Long-term Pimozide Pretreatment Differentially Affects Behavioral Responses to Dextroamphetamine in Schizophrenia: Further Exploration of the Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia.
- D. P. van Kammen, J. P. Docherty, S. R. Marder, J. N. Rayner, and W. E. Bunney Jr (1982)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
39, 275-281
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- CSF Levels of {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid in Schizophrenia: Low Values in Recently Ill Patients.
- D. P. van Kammen, D. E. Sternberg, T. A. Hare, R. N. Waters, and W. E. Bunney Jr (1982)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
39, 91-97
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Predictive Validity of DSM-III and Feighner Definitions of Schizophrenia: A Comparison With Research Diagnostic Criteria and CATEGO.
- J. E. Helzer, I. F. Brockington, and R. E. Kendell (1981)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
38, 791-797
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Puerperal Psychosis: Phenomena and Diagnosis.
- I. F. Brockington, K. F. Cernik, E. M. Schofield, A. R. Downing, A. F. Francis, and C. Keelan (1981)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
38, 829-833
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Acute Schizophrenia: I. Method and Comparison With Normal Controls.
- T. P. Zahn, W. T. Carpenter Jr, and T. H. McGlashan (1981)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
38, 251-258
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Chlorpromazine Levels and the Outcome of Treatment in Schizophrenic Patients.
- P. R. A. May, T. Van Putten, D. J. Jenden, C. Yale, and W. J. Dixon (1981)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
38, 202-207
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Nonspecific Psychological Distress and Other Dimensions of Psychopathology: Measures for Use in the General Population.
- B. P. Dohrenwend, P. E. Shrout, G. Egri, and F. S. Mendelsohn (1980)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
37, 1229-1236
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Schizophrenia-Primary Affective Disorder Discrimination: I. Development of a Data-Based Diagnostic Index.
- R. C. Fowler, B. I. Liskow, V. L. Tanna, L. Lytle, and J. Mezzich (1980)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
37, 811-814
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Lack of Behavioral Supersensitivity to d-Amphetamine After Pimozide Withdrawal: A Trial With Schizophrenic Patients.
- D. P. van Kammen, J. P. Docherty, S. R. Marder, S. C. Schulz, and W. E. Bunney Jr (1980)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
37, 287-290
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Diagnosing Borderline Patients With a Semistructured Interview.
- J. E. Kolb and J. G. Gunderson (1980)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
37, 37-41
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Comparative Evaluation of Research Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia.
- J. E. Overall and L. E. Hollister (1979)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
36, 1198-1205
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Predicting Drug-Free Improvement in Schizophrenic Psychosis.
- S. R. Marder, D. P. van Kammen, J. P. Docherty, J. Rayner, and W. E. Bunney Jr (1979)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
36, 1080-1085
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Prognostic Implications of Six Alternative Definitions of Schizophrenia.
- R. E. Kendell, I. F. Brockington, and J. P. Leff (1979)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
36, 25-31
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Test Dose Response in Schizophrenia: Chlorpromazine Blood and Saliva Levels.
- P. R. A. May, T. Van Putten, D. J. Jenden, and A. K. Cho (1978)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
35, 1091-1097
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Diagnosis in Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Illness: A Reassessment of the Specificity of 'Schizophrenic' Symptoms in the Light of Current Research.
- H. G. Pope Jr and J. F. Lipinski Jr (1978)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
35, 811-828
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Choosing an Approach for Diagnosing Schizophrenia.
- J. S. Strauss and T. E. Gift (1977)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
34, 1248-1253
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Linkage Between an X-Chromosome Marker (Deutan Color Blindness) and Bipolar Affective Illness: Occurrence in the Family of a Lithium Carbonate-Responsive Schizo-affective Proband.
- M. Baron (1977)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
34, 721-725
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Drug Refusal in Schizophrenia and the Wish to Be Crazy.
- T. Van Putten, E. Crumpton, and C. Yale (1976)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
33, 1443-1446
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Schizophrenia and Stimulus Intensity Control.
- S. G. Landau, M. S. Buchsbaum, W. Carpenter, J. Strauss, and M. Sacks (1975)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
32, 1239-1245
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites in Acute Schizophrenia.
- R. M. Post, E. Fink, W. T. Carpenter Jr, and F. K. Goodwin (1975)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
32, 1063-1069
| Abstract »
| PDF »
- Diagnostic Criteria and Five-Year Outcome in Schizophrenia: A Report From the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia.
- A. B. Hawk, W. T. Carpenter Jr., and J. S. Strauss (1975)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
32, 343-347
| Abstract »
| PDF »
|
|