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Science 10 November 1972:
Vol. 178. no. 4061, pp. 626 - 628
DOI: 10.1126/science.178.4061.626
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Articles

Choline: High-Affinity Uptake by Rat Brain Synaptosomes

Henry I. Yamamura 1 and Solomon H. Snyder 2

1 Medical Division, Biomedical Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood, Maryland 21010
2 Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Synaptosomes from rat brain accumulate choline by two kinetically distinct processes, a high-affinity uptake system [Michaelis constant (Km) = 1 x 10-6M], and a low-affinity system (Km = 9 x 10-5M). The high-affinity uptake system requires sodium, and is associated with considerable formation of acetylcholine. The low-affinity uptake system is less dependent on sodium, and does not appear to be associated with a marked degree of acetylcholine formation. The high-affinity choline uptake appears to represent selective choline accumulation by cholinergic neurons.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
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G. P. Mullen, E. A. Mathews, M. H. Vu, J. W. Hunter, D. L. Frisby, A. Duke, K. Grundahl, J. D. Osborne, J. A. Crowell, and J. B. Rand (2007)
Genetics 177, 195-204
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Na+, Cl-, and pH Dependence of the Human Choline Transporter (hCHT) in Xenopus Oocytes: The Proton Inactivation Hypothesis of hCHT in Synaptic Vesicles.
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The Caenorhabditis elegans choline transporter CHO-1 sustains acetylcholine synthesis and motor function in an activity-dependent manner..
D. S. Matthies, P. A. Fleming, D. M. Wilkes, and R. D. Blakely (2006)
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Regulation of Choline Transporter Surface Expression and Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C and Protein Phosphatase 1/2A.
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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 310, 536-545
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Lethal impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission in hemicholinium-3-sensitive choline transporter knockout mice.
S. M. Ferguson, M. Bazalakova, V. Savchenko, J. C. Tapia, J. Wright, and R. D. Blakely (2004)
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The Choline Transporter Resurfaces: New Roles for Synaptic Vesicles?.
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Vesicular Localization and Activity-Dependent Trafficking of Presynaptic Choline Transporters.
S. M. Ferguson, V. Savchenko, S. Apparsundaram, M. Zwick, J. Wright, C. J. Heilman, H. Yi, A. I. Levey, and R. D. Blakely (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 9697-9709
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Human High Affinity Choline Transporter Alters Transport Rate.
T. Okuda, M. Okamura, C. Kaitsuka, T. Haga, and D. Gurwitz (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 45315-45322
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The AF64a-treated mouse: possible model for central cholinergic hypofunction.
C. Mantione, A Fisher, and I Hanin (1981)
Science 213, 579-580
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)