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Science 26 March 1971:
Vol. 171. no. 3977, pp. 1258 - 1260
DOI: 10.1126/science.171.3977.1258
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Articles

Melatonin: Effect on Punished and Nonpunished Operant Behavior of the Pigeon

R. I. Schoenfeld 1

1 Department of Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Intramuscular injections of melatonin had a dose-dependent, rate-increasing effect on responding maintained by a fixed-interval schedule of positive reinforcement. When a punishment contingency was added to the fixed-interval schedule, the overall rates were not increased although responding was increased during the initial part of each interval.

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)