Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 11 September 1970:
Vol. 169. no. 3950, pp. 1093 - 1095
DOI: 10.1126/science.169.3950.1093
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Indole Metabolism in the Pineal Gland: A Circadian Rhythm in N-Acetyltransferase

David C. Klein 1 and Joan L. Weller 1

1 Section on Physiological Controls, Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20014

The activity of N-acetyltransferase in the rat pineal gland is more than 15 times higher at night than during the day. This circadian rhythm persists in complete darkness, or in blinded animals, and is suppressed in constant lighting. The N-acetyltransferase rhythm is 180° out of phase with the serotonin rhythm and is similar to the norepinephrine and melatonin rhythms. Experiments in vitro indicate that norepinephrine, not serotonin, regulates the activity of N-acetyl-transferase through a highly specific receptor.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Developmental and Diurnal Dynamics of Pax4 Expression in the Mammalian Pineal Gland: Nocturnal Down-Regulation Is Mediated by Adrenergic-Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Signaling.
M. F. Rath, M. J. Bailey, J.-S. Kim, A. K. Ho, P. Gaildrat, S. L. Coon, M. Moller, and D. C. Klein (2009)
Endocrinology 150, 803-811
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence That Proline Focuses Movement of the Floppy Loop of Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87).
J. Pavlicek, S. L. Coon, S. Ganguly, J. L. Weller, S. A. Hassan, D. L. Sackett, and D. C. Klein (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 14552-14558
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase: "the Timezyme".
D. C. Klein (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 4233-4237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rhythmic Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase mRNA Degradation Is Essential for the Maintenance of Its Circadian Oscillation.
T.-D. Kim, J.-S. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. Myung, H.-D. Chae, K.-C. Woo, S. K. Jang, D.-S. Koh, and K.-T. Kim (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 3232-3246
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Melatonin synthesis: 14-3-3-dependent activation and inhibition of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase mediated by phosphoserine-205.
S. Ganguly, J. L. Weller, A. Ho, P. Chemineau, B. Malpaux, and D. C. Klein (2005)
PNAS 102, 1222-1227
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
It's All in the Timing: Many Clocks, Many Outputs.
S. Panda and J. B. Hogenesch (2004)
J Biol Rhythms 19, 374-387
   Abstract »    PDF »
Generation of the Melatonin Endocrine Message in Mammals: A Review of the Complex Regulation of Melatonin Synthesis by Norepinephrine, Peptides, and Other Pineal Transmitters.
V. Simonneaux and C. Ribelayga (2003)
Pharmacol. Rev. 55, 325-395
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Melatonin: From Basic Research to Cancer Treatment Clinics.
Vijayalaxmi, C. R. Thomas Jr, R. J. Reiter, and T. S. Herman (2002)
J. Clin. Oncol. 20, 2575-2601
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Circadian 5-HT production regulated by adrenergic signaling.
X. Sun, J. Deng, T. Liu, and J. Borjigin (2002)
PNAS
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Absence of an Increase in the Duration of the Circadian Melatonin Secretory Episode in Totally Blind Human Subjects.
E. B. Klerman, J. M. Zeitzer, J. F. Duffy, S. B. S. Khalsa, and C. A. Czeisler (2001)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 3166-3170
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spontaneous c-Fos rhythm in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: location and effect of photoperiod.
A. Sumova and H. Illnerova (2000)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 279, R2262-R2269
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Substrate Specificity and Inhibition Studies of Human Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase.
G. Ferry, A. Loynel, N. Kucharczyk, S. Bertin, M. Rodriguez, P. Delagrange, J.-P. Galizzi, E. Jacoby, J.-P. Volland, D. Lesieur, et al. (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 8794-8805
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanism-based inhibition of the melatonin rhythm enzyme: Pharmacologic exploitation of active site functional plasticity.
E. M. Khalil, J. De Angelis, M. Ishii, and P. A. Cole (1999)
PNAS 96, 12418-12423
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase Genes Mediate Melatonin Synthesis in Fish.
S. L. Coon, V. Begay, D. Deurloo, J. Falcon, and D. C. Klein (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 9076-9082
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Photoneural Regulation of Rat Pineal Hydroxyindole-O-Methyltransferase (HIOMT) Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression: An Analysis of Its Complex Relationship with HIOMT Activity.
C. Ribelayga, F. Gauer, C. Calgari, P. Pevet, and V. Simonneaux (1999)
Endocrinology 140, 1375-1384
   Abstract »    Full Text »
N–3 fatty acid deficiency in the rat pineal gland: effects on phospholipid molecular species composition and endogenous levels of melatonin and lipoxygenase products.
H. jian Zhang, J. H. Hamilton, N. Salem , Jr., and H.-Y. Kim (1998)
J. Lipid Res. 39, 1397-1403
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Melatonin Production: Proteasomal Proteolysis in Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Regulation.
J. A. Gastel, P. H. Roseboom, P. A. Rinaldi, J. L. Weller, and D. C. Klein (1998)
Science 279, 1358-1360
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Kinetic Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87).
J. De Angelis, J. Gastel, D. C. Klein, and P. A. Cole (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 3045-3050
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
REVIEW {blacksquare} : The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: A Circadian Oscillator.
Y. Ibata, M. Tanaka, Y. Tamada, S. Hayashi, F. Kawakami, T. Takamatsu, Y. Hisa, and H. Okamura (1997)
Neuroscientist 3, 215-225
   Abstract »    PDF »
Chick pineal clock regulates serotonin N-acetyltransferase mRNA rhythm in culture.
M. Bernard, D. C. Klein, and M. Zatz (1997)
PNAS 94, 304-309
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pineal Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase: Expression Cloning and Molecular Analysis.
S. L. Coon, P. H. Roseboom, R. Baler, J. L. Weller, M. A. A. Namboodiri, E. V. Koonin, and D. C. Klein (1995)
Science 270, 1681-1683
   Abstract »    PDF »
Circadian Expression of Transcription Factor Fra-2 in the Rat Pineal Gland.
R. Baler and D. C. Klein (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27319-27325
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Different Mechanisms of Phase Delays and Phase Advances of the Circadian Rhythm in Rat Pineal N-Acetyltransferase Activity.
H. Illnerova, J. Vaneck, and K. Hoffmann (1989)
J Biol Rhythms 4, 75-88
   Abstract »    PDF »
Dynamics of Discrete Entrainment of the Circadian Rhythm in the Rat Pineal N-Acetyltransferase Activity during Transient Cycles.
H. Illnerova and J. Vanecek (1987)
J Biol Rhythms 2, 95-108
   Abstract »    PDF »
Effects of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (Rolipram) on the urinary excretion of 6-sulphatoxy melatonin in man.
S.A. Checkley, F. Winton, T. Corn, C. Franey, and J. Arendt (1987)
J Psychopharmacol 1, 20-22
   Abstract »    PDF »
Light and agonists alter pineal N-acetyltransferase induction by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.
A Yuwiler (1983)
Science 220, 1082-1083
   Abstract »    PDF »
Photoperiodic control and effects of melatonin on nonshivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue.
G Heldmaier, S Steinlechner, J Rafael, and P Vsiansky (1981)
Science 212, 917-919
   Abstract »    PDF »
Pineal melatonin rhythm: reduction in aging Syrian hamsters.
R. Reiter, B. Richardson, L. Johnson, B. Ferguson, and D. Dinh (1980)
Science 210, 1372-1373
   Abstract »    PDF »
Delay of constant light-induced persistent vaginal estrus by 24-hour time cues in rats.
A. Weber and N. Adler (1979)
Science 204, 323-325
   Abstract »    PDF »
Circadian rhythm of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in organ culture of chicken pineal gland.
T Deguchi (1979)
Science 203, 1245-1247
   Abstract »    PDF »
Circadian clock in culture: N-acetyltransferase activity of chick pineal glands oscillates in vitro.
C. Kasal, M Menaker, and J. Perez-Polo (1979)
Science 203, 656-658
   Abstract »    PDF »
Intraventricular carbachol mimics the effects of light on the circadian rhythm in the rat pineal gland.
M Zatz and M. Brownstein (1979)
Science 203, 358-361
   Abstract »    PDF »
The pineal gland: a biological clock in vitro.
S. Binkley, J. Riebman, and K. Reilly (1978)
Science 202, 1198-1120
   Abstract »    PDF »
Daily rhythm in human urinary melatonin.
H. Lynch, R. Wurtman, M. Moskowitz, M. Archer, and M. Ho (1975)
Science 187, 169-171
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Pineal Gland: A Neurochemical Transducer.
J. Axelrod (1974)
Science 184, 1341-1348
   PDF »
Pineal beta-Adrenergic Receptor: Diurnal Variation in Sensitivity.
J. A. Romero and J. Axelrod (1974)
Science 184, 1091-1092
   Abstract »    PDF »
Pineal Gland: 24-Hour Rhythm in Norepinephrine Turnover.
M. Brownstein and J. Axelrod (1974)
Science 184, 163-165
   Abstract »    PDF »
Rapid Light-Induced Decrease in Pineal Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Activity.
D. C. Klein and J. L. Weller (1972)
Science 177, 532-533
   Abstract »    PDF »
Potassium Flux: a Common Feature of Albizzia Leaflet Movement Controlled by Phytochrome or Endogenous Rhythm.
R. L. Satter and A. W. Galston (1971)
Science 174, 518-520
   Abstract »    PDF »
Pineal N-Acetyltransferase Activity: Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation.
P. H. Volkman and A. Heller (1971)
Science 173, 839-840
   Abstract »    PDF »
Circadian 5-HT production regulated by adrenergic signaling.
X. Sun, J. Deng, T. Liu, and J. Borjigin (2002)
PNAS 99, 4686-4691
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of a pineal cAMP-operated arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase/14-3-3-binding switch in melatonin synthesis.
S. Ganguly, J. A. Gastel, J. L. Weller, C. Schwartz, H. Jaffe, M. A. A. Namboodiri, S. L. Coon, A. B. Hickman, M. Rollag, T. Obsil, et al. (2001)
PNAS 98, 8083-8088
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)