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Science 5 June 1970:
Vol. 168. no. 3936, pp. 1216 - 1218
DOI: 10.1126/science.168.3936.1216
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Articles

Subliming Ice Surfaces: Freeze-Etch Electron Microscopy

J. Gordon Davy 1 and Daniel Branton 2

1 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720
2 Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley

Vacuum sublimation of oriented single crystals of ice at temperatures from -110 to -60 degrees Celsius was studied by electron microscopy with the freeze-etch technique. Sublimation etches the ice surface to produce pits and asperities and above -85 degrees Celsius causes extreme surface roughening. The etch pits are ascribed to surface dislocations, and the extreme roughening is ascribed to the departure from unity of the vaporization coefficient. The asperities could not be attributed to impurities; they may be related to the whiskers that others have observed at higher temperatures.

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)