Copper Artifacts: Correlation with Source Types of Copper Ores
A. M. Friedman 1,
M. Conway 1,
M. Kastner 1,
J. Milsted 1,
D. Metta 1,
P. R. Fields 1, and
E. Olsen 2
1 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60440
2 Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago, Illinois
Six out of eight minor chemical elements, determined by spectroscopic and neutron-activation techniques, were found to be critical in computing a probability that a given copper artifact was derived from one of three types of copper ore: native metal, oxidized ore, reduced ore. Two elements, gold and tin, were apparently alloyed deliberately in many artifacts from both the Old World and the New World.