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Published Online March 26, 2009
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1172482

Reports

Submitted on February 18, 2009
Accepted on March 17, 2009

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free of Vector and Transgene Sequences

Junying Yu 1*, Kejin Hu 2, Kim Smuga-Otto 1, Shulan Tian 3, Ron Stewart 3, Igor I. Slukvin 4, James A. Thomson 5*

1 Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707–7365, USA.; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706–1580, USA.; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715–1299, USA.
2 Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715–1299, USA.
3 Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707–7365, USA.; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706–1580, USA.
4 Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715–1299, USA.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
5 Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707–7365, USA.; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706–1580, USA.; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715–1299, USA.; Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706–1509, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Junying Yu , E-mail: jyyu2008{at}gmail.com
James A. Thomson , E-mail: thomson{at}primate.wisc.edu

Reprogramming differentiated human cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has applications in basic biology, drug development, and transplantation. Human iPS cell derivation previously required vectors that integrate into the genome, which can create mutations and limit the utility of the cells in both research and clinical applications. Here, we describe the derivation of human iPS cells using non-integrating episomal vectors. After removal of the episome, iPS cells completely free of vector and transgene sequences are derived that are similar to human embryonic stem (ES) cells in proliferative and developmental potential. These results demonstrate that reprogramming human somatic cells does not require genomic integration or the continued presence of exogenous reprogramming factors, and removes one obstacle to the clinical application of human iPS cells.


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