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Originally published in Science Express on 29 May 2008
Science 13 June 2008:
Vol. 320. no. 5882, pp. 1476 - 1478
DOI: 10.1126/science.1156675
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Reports
Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
R. Subedi,1
R. Shneor,2
P. Monaghan,3
B. D. Anderson,1
K. Aniol,4
J. Annand,5
J. Arrington,6
H. Benaoum,7,8
F. Benmokhtar,9
W. Boeglin,10
J.-P. Chen,11
Seonho Choi,12
E. Cisbani,13
B. Craver,14
S. Frullani,13
F. Garibaldi,13
S. Gilad,3
R. Gilman,11,15
O. Glamazdin,16
J.-O. Hansen,11
D. W. Higinbotham,11*
T. Holmstrom,17
H. Ibrahim,18
R. Igarashi,19
C. W. de Jager,11
E. Jans,20
X. Jiang,15
L. J. Kaufman,9,21
A. Kelleher,17
A. Kolarkar,22
G. Kumbartzki,15
J. J. LeRose,11
R. Lindgren,14
N. Liyanage,14
D. J. Margaziotis,4
P. Markowitz,10
S. Marrone,23
M. Mazouz,24
D. Meekins,11
R. Michaels,11
B. Moffit,17
C. F. Perdrisat,17
E. Piasetzky,2
M. Potokar,25
V. Punjabi,26
Y. Qiang,3
J. Reinhold,10
G. Ron,2
G. Rosner,27
A. Saha,11
B. Sawatzky,14,28
A. Shahinyan,29
S.  irca,25,30
K. Slifer,14
P. Solvignon,28
V. Sulkosky,17
G. M. Urciuoli,13
E. Voutier,24
J. W. Watson,1
L. B. Weinstein,18
B. Wojtsekhowski,11
S. Wood,11
X.-C. Zheng,3,6,14
L. Zhu31
The protons and neutrons in a nucleus can form strongly correlated nucleon pairs. Scattering experiments, in which a proton is knocked out of the nucleus with high-momentum transfer and high missing momentum, show that in carbon-12 the neutron-proton pairs are nearly 20 times as prevalent as proton-proton pairs and, by inference, neutron-neutron pairs. This difference between the types of pairs is due to the nature of the strong force and has implications for understanding cold dense nuclear systems such as neutron stars.
2 Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
4 California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
5 University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
6 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
7 Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
8 Prince Mohammad University, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia.
9 University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
10 Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
11 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.
12 Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea.
13 Istituto Nazionale de Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
14 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
15 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
16 Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 310108, Ukraine.
17 College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
18 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
19 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2 Canada.
20 Nationaal Instituut voor Subatomaire Fysica, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
21 University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
22 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
23 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN sezione Bari, Bari, Italy.
24 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
25 Institute "Jo ef Stefan," 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
26 Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA.
27 University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
28 Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
29 Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
30 Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
31 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: doug{at}jlab.org
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