Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Originally published in Science Express on 11 October 2007
Science 16 November 2007:
Vol. 318. no. 5853, pp. 1108 - 1113
DOI: 10.1126/science.1145720
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

The Genomic Landscapes of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers

Laura D. Wood,1* D. Williams Parsons,1* Siân Jones,1* Jimmy Lin,1* Tobias Sjöblom,1*{dagger} Rebecca J. Leary,1 Dong Shen,1 Simina M. Boca,1,2 Thomas Barber,1{ddagger} Janine Ptak,1 Natalie Silliman,1 Steve Szabo,1 Zoltan Dezso,3 Vadim Ustyanksky,3 Tatiana Nikolskaya,3,4 Yuri Nikolsky,3 Rachel Karchin,5 Paul A. Wilson,5 Joshua S. Kaminker,6 Zemin Zhang,6 Randal Croshaw,7 Joseph Willis,8 Dawn Dawson,8 Michail Shipitsin,9 James K. V. Willson,10 Saraswati Sukumar,11 Kornelia Polyak,9 Ben Ho Park,11 Charit L. Pethiyagoda,12 P. V. Krishna Pant,12 Dennis G. Ballinger,12 Andrew B. Sparks,12§ James Hartigan,13 Douglas R. Smith,13 Erick Suh,13 Nickolas Papadopoulos,1 Phillip Buckhaults,7 Sanford D. Markowitz,14 Giovanni Parmigiani,1|| Kenneth W. Kinzler,1|| Victor E. Velculescu,1|| Bert Vogelstein1||

Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.

1 The Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
2 Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
3 GeneGo, St. Joseph, MI 49085, USA.
4 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
6 Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
7 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Center for Colon Cancer Research, and The South Carolina Cancer Center, Division of Basic Research, The University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29229, USA.
8 Department of Pathology and Ireland Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
9 Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
10 Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
11 The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
12 Perlegen Sciences, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
13 Agencourt Bioscience Corporation, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
14 Department of Medicine and Ireland Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.

{ddagger} Present address: Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 42685, USA.

§ Present address: Complete Genomics, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA.

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gp{at}jhu.edu (G.P.); kinzlke{at}jhmi.edu (K.W.K.); velculescu{at}jhmi.edu (V.E.V.); vogelbe{at}welch.jhu.edu (B.V.)

Read the Full Text


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The DNA repair gene APE1 T1349G polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 27 case-control studies.
D. Gu, M. Wang, M. Wang, Z. Zhang, and J. Chen (2009)
Mutagenesis 24, 507-512
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identifying genotype-dependent efficacy of single and combined PI3K- and MAPK-pathway inhibition in cancer.
M. L. Sos, S. Fischer, R. Ullrich, M. Peifer, J. M. Heuckmann, M. Koker, S. Heynck, I. Stuckrath, J. Weiss, F. Fischer, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 18351-18356
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer genome sequencing: a review.
E. R. Mardis and R. K. Wilson (2009)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, R163-R168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Modified Sleeping Beauty Transposon System That Can Be Used to Model a Wide Variety of Human Cancers in Mice.
A. J. Dupuy, L. M. Rogers, J. Kim, K. Nannapaneni, T. K. Starr, P. Liu, D. A. Largaespada, T. E. Scheetz, N. A. Jenkins, and N. G. Copeland (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 8150-8156
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Discovery and validation of colonic tumor-associated proteins via metabolic labeling and stable isotopic dilution.
E. L. Huttlin, X. Chen, G. A. Barrett-Wilt, A. D. Hegeman, R. B. Halberg, A. C. Harms, M. A. Newton, W. F. Dove, and M. R. Sussman (2009)
PNAS 106, 17235-17240
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular genetics of medullary thyroid carcinoma: the quest for novel therapeutic targets.
A. Cerrato, V. De Falco, and M. Santoro (2009)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 43, 143-155
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PCR-free method detects high frequency of genomic instability in prostate cancer.
N. M. Makridakis, T. Phipps, S. Srivastav, and J. K. V. Reichardt (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bioinformatics construction of the human cell surfaceome.
J. P. C. da Cunha, P. A. F. Galante, J. E. de Souza, R. F. de Souza, P. M. Carvalho, D. T. Ohara, R. P. Moura, S. M. Oba-Shinja, S. K. N. Marie, W. A. Silva Jr, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 16752-16757
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic heterogeneity of Myc-induced mammary tumors reflecting diverse phenotypes including metastatic potential.
E. R. Andrechek, R. D. Cardiff, J. T. Chang, M. L. Gatza, C. R. Acharya, A. Potti, and J. R. Nevins (2009)
PNAS 106, 16387-16392
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Novel Gene Amplifications in Breast Cancer and Coexistence of Gene Amplification with an Activating Mutation of PIK3CA.
M. Kadota, M. Sato, B. Duncan, A. Ooshima, H. H. Yang, N. Diaz-Meyer, S. Gere, S.-I. Kageyama, J. Fukuoka, T. Nagata, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 7357-7365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Risk Variant in an miR-125b Binding Site in BMPR1B Is Associated with Breast Cancer Pathogenesis.
P. Saetrom, J. Biesinger, S. M. Li, D. Smith, L. F. Thomas, K. Majzoub, G. E. Rivas, J. Alluin, J. J. Rossi, T. G. Krontiris, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 7459-7465
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of bone metastases of breast cancer.
L. J Suva, R. J Griffin, and I. Makhoul (2009)
Endocr. Relat. Cancer 16, 703-713
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Saturation Density of Skin Fibroblasts as a Quantitative Screen for Human Cancer Susceptibility.
H. Rubin (2009)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 18, 2366-2372
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression and localisation of insulin receptor substrate 2 in normal intestine and colorectal tumours. Regulation by intestine-specific transcription factor CDX2.
S Modica, A Morgano, L Salvatore, M Petruzzelli, M-T Vanier, R Valanzano, D L Esposito, G Palasciano, I Duluc, J-N Freund, et al. (2009)
Gut 58, 1250-1259
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stratified phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.
B. Neyns, J. Sadones, E. Joosens, F. Bouttens, L. Verbeke, J.-F. Baurain, L. D'Hondt, T. Strauven, C. Chaskis, P. In't Veld, et al. (2009)
Ann. Onc. 20, 1596-1603
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of rare cancer driver mutations by network reconstruction.
A. Torkamani and N. J. Schork (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1570-1578
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systems Biology Reveals New Strategies for Personalizing Cancer Medicine and Confirms the Role of PTEN in Resistance to Trastuzumab.
D. Faratian, A. Goltsov, G. Lebedeva, A. Sorokin, S. Moodie, P. Mullen, C. Kay, I. H. Um, S. Langdon, I. Goryanin, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 6713-6720
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer-Specific High-Throughput Annotation of Somatic Mutations: Computational Prediction of Driver Missense Mutations.
H. Carter, S. Chen, L. Isik, S. Tyekucheva, V. E. Velculescu, K. W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein, and R. Karchin (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 6660-6667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Copy number variation has little impact on bead-array-based measures of DNA methylation.
E. A. Houseman, B. C. Christensen, M. R. Karagas, M. R. Wrensch, H. H. Nelson, J. L. Wiemels, S. Zheng, J. K. Wiencke, K. T. Kelsey, and C. J. Marsit (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1999-2005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Asef Function Downstream of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase.
Y. Kawasaki, S. Tsuji, M. Sagara, K. Echizen, Y. Shibata, and T. Akiyama (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 22436-22443
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inactivating germ-line and somatic mutations in polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 12 in human colon cancers.
K. Guda, H. Moinova, J. He, O. Jamison, L. Ravi, L. Natale, J. Lutterbaugh, E. Lawrence, S. Lewis, J. K. V. Willson, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 12921-12925
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-throughput molecular analysis in lung cancer: insights into biology and potential clinical applications.
S. Ocak, M. L. Sos, R. K. Thomas, and P. P. Massion (2009)
Eur. Respir. J. 34, 489-506
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Therapeutic effects of ablative radiation on local tumor require CD8+ T cells: changing strategies for cancer treatment.
Y. Lee, S. L. Auh, Y. Wang, B. Burnette, Y. Wang, Y. Meng, M. Beckett, R. Sharma, R. Chin, T. Tu, et al. (2009)
Blood 114, 589-595
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Infrequent Detection of Germline Allele-Specific Expression of TGFBR1 in Lymphoblasts and Tissues of Colon Cancer Patients.
K. Guda, L. Natale, J. Lutterbaugh, G. L. Wiesner, S. Lewis, S. M. Tanner, J. Tomsic, L. Valle, A. de la Chapelle, R. C. Elston, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4959-4961
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer Genome Sequencing--An Interim Analysis.
E. J. Fox, J. J. Salk, and L. A. Loeb (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4948-4950
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Targeting DNA Methylation.
J.-P. J. Issa and H. M. Kantarjian (2009)
Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 3938-3946
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutational Profile of Advanced Primary and Metastatic Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancers Reveals Distinct Pathogenetic Roles for BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT1.
J. C. Ricarte-Filho, M. Ryder, D. A. Chitale, M. Rivera, A. Heguy, M. Ladanyi, M. Janakiraman, D. Solit, J. A. Knauf, R. M. Tuttle, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4885-4893
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased invasive behaviour in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with loss of basement-membrane type VII collagen.
V. L. Martins, J. J. Vyas, M. Chen, K. Purdie, C. A. Mein, A. P. South, A. Storey, J. A. McGrath, and E. A. O'Toole (2009)
J. Cell Sci. 122, 1788-1799
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Methylation of TFPI2 in Stool DNA: A Potential Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer.
S. C. Glockner, M. Dhir, J. M. Yi, K. E. McGarvey, L. Van Neste, J. Louwagie, T. A. Chan, W. Kleeberger, A. P. de Bruine, K. M. Smits, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4691-4699
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic Inactivation of ADAMTS15 Metalloprotease in Human Colorectal Cancer.
C. G. Viloria, A. J. Obaya, A. Moncada-Pazos, M. Llamazares, A. Astudillo, G. Capella, S. Cal, and C. Lopez-Otin (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4926-4934
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutation-associated fusion cancer genes in solid tumors.
F. J. Kaye (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 1399-1408
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Resistance to Ingenol 3-Angelate, a Novel Protein Kinase C Modulator, in Colon Cancer Cells.
A. Ghoul, M. Serova, L. Astorgues-Xerri, I. Bieche, G. Bousquet, M. Varna, M. Vidaud, E. Phillips, S. Weill, K. A. Benhadji, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4260-4269
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Integrative Analysis of Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screens.
J. D. Berndt, T. L. Biechele, R. T. Moon, and M. B. Major (2009)
Science Signaling 2, pt4
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Global Histone Modifications in Breast Cancer Correlate with Tumor Phenotypes, Prognostic Factors, and Patient Outcome.
S. E. Elsheikh, A. R. Green, E. A. Rakha, D. G. Powe, R. A. Ahmed, H. M. Collins, D. Soria, J. M. Garibaldi, C. E. Paish, A. A. Ammar, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 3802-3809
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of DNA Copy Number Alterations in Ovarian Serous Tumors Identifies New Molecular Genetic Changes in Low-Grade and High-Grade Carcinomas.
K.-T. Kuo, B. Guan, Y. Feng, T.-L. Mao, X. Chen, N. Jinawath, Y. Wang, R. J. Kurman, I.-M. Shih, and T.-L. Wang (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4036-4042
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic Mutations Associated with Cigarette Smoking in Pancreatic Cancer.
A. Blackford, G. Parmigiani, T. W. Kensler, C. Wolfgang, S. Jones, X. Zhang, D. W. Parsons, J. C.-H. Lin, R. J. Leary, J. R. Eshleman, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 3681-3688
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exomic Sequencing Identifies PALB2 as a Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility Gene.
S. Jones, R. H. Hruban, M. Kamiyama, M. Borges, X. Zhang, D. W. Parsons, J. C.-H. Lin, E. Palmisano, K. Brune, E. M. Jaffee, et al. (2009)
Science 324, 217
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Discovery and Scoring of Protein Interaction Subnetworks Discriminative of Late Stage Human Colon Cancer.
R. K. Nibbe, S. Markowitz, L. Myeroff, R. Ewing, and M. R. Chance (2009)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8, 827-845
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
KRAS/BRAF mutation status and ERK1/2 activation as biomarkers for MEK1/2 inhibitor therapy in colorectal cancer.
J. J. Yeh, E. D. Routh, T. Rubinas, J. Peacock, T. D. Martin, X. J. Shen, R. S. Sandler, H. J. Kim, T. O. Keku, and C. J. Der (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 834-843
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
mtDNA mutation pattern in tumors and human evolution are shaped by similar selective constraints.
I. Zhidkov, E. A. Livneh, E. Rubin, and D. Mishmar (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 576-580
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Transposon-Based Genetic Screen in Mice Identifies Genes Altered in Colorectal Cancer.
T. K. Starr, R. Allaei, K. A. T. Silverstein, R. A. Staggs, A. L. Sarver, T. L. Bergemann, M. Gupta, M. G. O'Sullivan, I. Matise, A. J. Dupuy, et al. (2009)
Science 323, 1747-1750
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inferring clonal expansion and cancer stem cell dynamics from DNA methylation patterns in colorectal cancers.
K. D. Siegmund, P. Marjoram, Y.-J. Woo, S. Tavare, and D. Shibata (2009)
PNAS 106, 4828-4833
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heterogeneity of the MYCN Oncogene in Neuroblastoma.
J. Theissen, M. Boensch, R. Spitz, D. Betts, S. Stegmaier, H. Christiansen, F. Niggli, F. Schilling, M. Schwab, T. Simon, et al. (2009)
Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 2085-2090
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A panel of isogenic human cancer cells suggests a therapeutic approach for cancers with inactivated p53.
S. Sur, R. Pagliarini, F. Bunz, C. Rago, L. A. Diaz Jr., K. W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein, and N. Papadopoulos (2009)
PNAS 106, 3964-3969
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mapping DNA structural variation in dogs.
W.-K. Chen, J. D. Swartz, L. J. Rush, and C. E. Alvarez (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 500-509
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The COX-2/PGE2 pathway: key roles in the hallmarks of cancer and adaptation to the tumour microenvironment.
A. Greenhough, H. J.M. Smartt, A. E. Moore, H. R. Roberts, A. C. Williams, C. Paraskeva, and A. Kaidi (2009)
Carcinogenesis 30, 377-386
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tumor-Induced Suppression of CTL Expansion and Subjugation by gp96-Ig Vaccination.
T. H. Schreiber, V. V. Deyev, J. D. Rosenblatt, and E. R. Podack (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 2026-2033
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
5-Fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI), a Phospholipase D Pharmacological Inhibitor That Alters Cell Spreading and Inhibits Chemotaxis.
W. Su, O. Yeku, S. Olepu, A. Genna, J.-S. Park, H. Ren, G. Du, M. H. Gelb, A. J. Morris, and M. A. Frohman (2009)
Mol. Pharmacol. 75, 437-446
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of novel small-molecule compounds that inhibit the proproliferative Kruppel-like factor 5 in colorectal cancer cells by high-throughput screening.
A. B. Bialkowska, Y. Du, H. Fu, and V. W. Yang (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 563-570
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Systems Perspective of Ras Signaling in Cancer.
E. C. Stites and K. S. Ravichandran (2009)
Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 1510-1513
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptome-guided characterization of genomic rearrangements in a breast cancer cell line.
Q. Zhao, O. L. Caballero, S. Levy, B. J. Stevenson, C. Iseli, S. J. de Souza, P. A. Galante, D. Busam, M. A. Leversha, K. Chadalavada, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 1886-1891
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aberrant DNA methylation is a dominant mechanism in MDS progression to AML.
Y. Jiang, A. Dunbar, L. P. Gondek, S. Mohan, M. Rataul, C. O'Keefe, M. Sekeres, Y. Saunthararajah, and J. P. Maciejewski (2009)
Blood 113, 1315-1325
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mouse models for the study of colon carcinogenesis.
D. W. Rosenberg, C. Giardina, and T. Tanaka (2009)
Carcinogenesis 30, 183-196
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Array-based evolution of DNA aptamers allows modelling of an explicit sequence-fitness landscape.
C. G. Knight, M. Platt, W. Rowe, D. C. Wedge, F. Khan, P. J. R. Day, A. McShea, J. Knowles, and D. B. Kell (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, e6
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein Kinase C{zeta} Represses the Interleukin-6 Promoter and Impairs Tumorigenesis In Vivo.
A. S. Galvez, A. Duran, J. F. Linares, P. Pathrose, E. A. Castilla, S. Abu-Baker, M. Leitges, M. T. Diaz-Meco, and J. Moscat (2009)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 29, 104-115
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo/Ex Vivo and In Situ Assays Used in Cancer Research: A Brief Review.
B. A. Teicher (2009)
Toxicol Pathol 37, 114-122
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Align human interactome with phenome to identify causative genes and networks underlying disease families.
X. Wu, Q. Liu, and R. Jiang (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 98-104
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MoKCa database--mutations of kinases in cancer.
C. J. Richardson, Q. Gao, C. Mitsopoulous, M. Zvelebil, L. H. Pearl, and F. M. G. Pearl (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D824-D831
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A DNA transposon-based approach to validate oncogenic mutations in the mouse.
Q. Su, H. M. Prosser, L. S. Campos, M. Ortiz, T. Nakamura, M. Warren, A. J. Dupuy, N. A. Jenkins, N. G. Copeland, A. Bradley, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 19904-19909
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutational Inactivation of PTPRD in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Malignant Melanoma.
D. A. Solomon, J.-S. Kim, J. C. Cronin, Z. Sibenaller, T. Ryken, S. A. Rosenberg, H. Ressom, W. Jean, D. Bigner, H. Yan, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 10300-10306
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factors, Insulin-like Binding Protein-3, and Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results from Intergroup Trial N9741.
C. S. Fuchs, R. M. Goldberg, D. J. Sargent, J. A. Meyerhardt, B. M. Wolpin, E. M. Green, H. C. Pitot, and M. Pollak (2008)
Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 8263-8269
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unbiased Screening for Transcriptional Targets of ZKSCAN3 Identifies Integrin {beta}4 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as Downstream Targets.
L. Yang, L. Zhang, Q. Wu, and D. D. Boyd (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 35295-35304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A genomic approach to colon cancer risk stratification yields biologic insights into therapeutic opportunities.
K. S. Garman, C. R. Acharya, E. Edelman, M. Grade, J. Gaedcke, S. Sud, W. Barry, A. M. Diehl, D. Provenzale, G. S. Ginsburg, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 19432-19437
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mining the Epigenome for Methylated Genes in Lung Cancer.
M. Tessema and S. A. Belinsky (2008)
Proceedings of the ATS 5, 806-810
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome-Wide Functional Synergy between Amplified and Mutated Genes in Human Breast Cancer.
Y. Nikolsky, E. Sviridov, J. Yao, D. Dosymbekov, V. Ustyansky, V. Kaznacheev, Z. Dezso, L. Mulvey, L. E. Macconaill, W. Winckler, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 9532-9540
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Pbx1, a Potential Oncogene, as a Notch3 Target Gene in Ovarian Cancer.
J. T. Park, I.-M. Shih, and T.-L. Wang (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 8852-8860
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nested Patch PCR enables highly multiplexed mutation discovery in candidate genes.
K. E. Varley and R. D. Mitra (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 1844-1850
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Integrated analysis of homozygous deletions, focal amplifications, and sequence alterations in breast and colorectal cancers.
R. J. Leary, J. C. Lin, J. Cummins, S. Boca, L. D. Wood, D. W. Parsons, S. Jones, T. Sjoblom, B.-H. Park, R. Parsons, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 16224-16229
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of the Epigenetic Tumor Suppressor SNF5 Leads to Cancer without Genomic Instability.
E. S. McKenna, C. G. Sansam, Y.-J. Cho, H. Greulich, J. A. Evans, C. S. Thom, L. A. Moreau, J. A. Biegel, S. L. Pomeroy, and C. W. M. Roberts (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 6223-6233
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Conflict Between Complex Systems and Reductionism.
H. H. Q. Heng (2008)
JAMA 300, 1580-1581
   Full Text »    PDF »
A Bicistronic CYCLIN D1-TROP2 mRNA Chimera Demonstrates a Novel Oncogenic Mechanism in Human Cancer.
E. Guerra, M. Trerotola, R. Dell' Arciprete, V. Bonasera, B. Palombo, T. El-Sewedy, T. Ciccimarra, C. Crescenzi, F. Lorenzini, C. Rossi, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 8113-8121
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prioritization of candidate cancer genes--an aid to oncogenomic studies.
S. J. Furney, B. Calvo, P. Larranaga, J. A. Lozano, and N. Lopez-Bigas (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, e115
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Core Signaling Pathways in Human Pancreatic Cancers Revealed by Global Genomic Analyses.
S. Jones, X. Zhang, D. W. Parsons, J. C.-H. Lin, R. J. Leary, P. Angenendt, P. Mankoo, H. Carter, H. Kamiyama, A. Jimeno, et al. (2008)
Science 321, 1801-1806
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Integrated Genomic Analysis of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme.
D. W. Parsons, S. Jones, X. Zhang, J. C.-H. Lin, R. J. Leary, P. Angenendt, P. Mankoo, H. Carter, I-M. Siu, G. L. Gallia, et al. (2008)
Science 321, 1807-1812
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cell type-specific DNA methylation patterns in the human breast.
N. Bloushtain-Qimron, J. Yao, E. L. Snyder, M. Shipitsin, L. L. Campbell, S. A. Mani, M. Hu, H. Chen, V. Ustyansky, J. E. Antosiewicz, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 14076-14081
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Profiling SLCO and SLC22 genes in the NCI-60 cancer cell lines to identify drug uptake transporters.
M. Okabe, G. Szakacs, M. A. Reimers, T. Suzuki, M. D. Hall, T. Abe, J. N. Weinstein, and M. M. Gottesman (2008)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 7, 3081-3091
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Acetylenic Tricyclic bis-(Cyano Enone) Potently Induces Phase 2 Cytoprotective Pathways and Blocks Liver Carcinogenesis Induced by Aflatoxin.
K. Liby, M. M. Yore, B. D. Roebuck, K. J. Baumgartner, T. Honda, C. Sundararajan, H. Yoshizawa, G. W. Gribble, C. R. Williams, R. Risingsong, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 6727-6733
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tumorigenic activity and therapeutic inhibition of Rheb GTPase.
K. J. Mavrakis, H. Zhu, R. L.A. Silva, J. R. Mills, J. Teruya-Feldstein, S. W. Lowe, W. Tam, J. Pelletier, and H.-G. Wendel (2008)
Genes & Dev. 22, 2178-2188
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A genome-wide RNAi screen for Wnt/{beta}-catenin pathway components identifies unexpected roles for TCF transcription factors in cancer.
W. Tang, M. Dodge, D. Gundapaneni, C. Michnoff, M. Roth, and L. Lum (2008)
PNAS 105, 9697-9702
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A comprehensive assay for targeted multiplex amplification of human DNA sequences.
S. Krishnakumar, J. Zheng, J. Wilhelmy, M. Faham, M. Mindrinos, and R. Davis (2008)
PNAS 105, 9296-9301
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The new paradigm of flow cell sequencing.
R. A. Holt and S. J.M. Jones (2008)
Genome Res. 18, 839-846
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Previously Undescribed ZKSCAN3 (ZNF306) Is a Novel "Driver" of Colorectal Cancer Progression.
L. Yang, S. R. Hamilton, A. Sood, T. Kuwai, L. Ellis, A. Sanguino, G. Lopez-Berestein, and D. D. Boyd (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 4321-4330
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BRAFV600E Mutation Is Associated with Preferential Sensitivity to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibition in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines.
R. Leboeuf, J. E. Baumgartner, M. Benezra, R. Malaguarnera, D. Solit, C. A. Pratilas, N. Rosen, J. A. Knauf, and J. A. Fagin (2008)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 2194-2201
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of malignant progression.
R. A. Weinberg (2008)
Carcinogenesis 29, 1092-1095
   Full Text »    PDF »
Defining the blueprint of the cancer genome.
V. E. Velculescu (2008)
Carcinogenesis 29, 1087-1091
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome-Wide Promoter Analysis Uncovers Portions of the Cancer Methylome.
M. O. Hoque, M. S. Kim, K. L. Ostrow, J. Liu, G. B. A. Wisman, H. L. Park, M. L. Poeta, C. Jeronimo, R. Henrique, A. Lendvai, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 2661-2670
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative lesion sequencing provides insights into tumor evolution.
S. Jones, W.-d. Chen, G. Parmigiani, F. Diehl, N. Beerenwinkel, T. Antal, A. Traulsen, M. A. Nowak, C. Siegel, V. E. Velculescu, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 4283-4288
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Newer Cytotoxic Agents: Attacking Cancer Broadly.
B. A. Teicher (2008)
Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 1610-1617
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Oncogene-Induced DNA Damage Model for Cancer Development.
T. D. Halazonetis, V. G. Gorgoulis, and J. Bartek (2008)
Science 319, 1352-1355
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chromatid cohesion defects may underlie chromosome instability in human colorectal cancers.
T. D. Barber, K. McManus, K. W. Y. Yuen, M. Reis, G. Parmigiani, D. Shen, I. Barrett, Y. Nouhi, F. Spencer, S. Markowitz, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 3443-3448
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clonal Selection in Malignant Transformation of Human Fibroblasts Transduced with Defined Cellular Oncogenes.
A. M. Mahale, Z. A.T. Khan, M. Igarashi, G. J. Nanjangud, R. F. Qiao, S. Yao, S. W. Lee, and S. A. Aaronson (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 1417-1426
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Commentary: Novel Therapies for Cancer: Why Dirty Might Be Better.
T. Fojo (2008)
Oncologist 13, 277-283
   Full Text »    PDF »
Cell growth, global phosphotyrosine elevation, and c-Met phosphorylation through Src family kinases in colorectal cancer cells.
M. Emaduddin, D. C. Bicknell, W. F. Bodmer, and S. M. Feller (2008)
PNAS 105, 2358-2362
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Improving Outcomes for Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Back to the Drawing Board.
M. J. Ellis (2008)
J Natl Cancer Inst 100, 159-161
   Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer Proliferation Gene Discovery Through Functional Genomics.
M. R. Schlabach, J. Luo, N. L. Solimini, G. Hu, Q. Xu, M. Z. Li, Z. Zhao, A. Smogorzewska, M. E. Sowa, X. L. Ang, et al. (2008)
Science 319, 620-624
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)