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M. F. A'Hearn,1*M. J. S. Belton,2W. A. Delamere,3J. Kissel,4K. P. Klaasen,5L. A. McFadden,1K. J. Meech,6H. J. Melosh,7P. H. Schultz,8J. M. Sunshine,9P. C. Thomas,10J. Veverka,10D. K. Yeomans,5M. W. Baca,9I. Busko,11C. J. Crockett,1S. M. Collins,5M. Desnoyer,10C. A. Eberhardy,8C. M. Ernst,8T. L. Farnham,1L. Feaga,1O. Groussin,1D. Hampton,12S. I. Ipatov,1J.-Y. Li,1D. Lindler,13C. M. Lisse,1,14N. Mastrodemos,5W. M. Owen, Jr.,5J. E. Richardson,7,10D. D. Wellnitz,1R. L. White11
Deep Impact collided with comet Tempel 1, excavating a cratercontrolled by gravity. The comet's outer layer is composed of1- to 100-micrometer fine particles with negligible strength(<65 pascals). Local gravitational field and average nucleusdensity (600 kilograms per cubic meter) are estimated from ejectafallback. Initial ejecta were hot (>1000 kelvins). A largeincrease in organic material occurred during and after the event,with smaller changes in carbon dioxide relative to water. Onapproach, the spacecraft observed frequent natural outbursts,a mean radius of 3.0 ± 0.1 kilometers, smooth and roughterrain, scarps, and impact craters. A thermal map indicatesa surface in equilibrium with sunlight.
1 University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. 2 Belton Space Exploration Initiatives, Tucson, AZ 85716, USA. 3 Delamere Support Services, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. 4 Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, D37191 Germany. 5 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. 6 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. 7 University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. 8 Brown University, Providence, RI 02412, USA. 9 SAIC, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA. 10 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. 11 Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. 12 Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. 13 Sigma Scientific, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. 14 Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ma{at}astro.umd.edu
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