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P. C. Crawford,1Edward J. Dubovi,2William L. Castleman,1Iain Stephenson,3E. P. J. Gibbs,1Limei Chen,3Catherine Smith,3Richard C. Hill,1Pamela Ferro,4Justine Pompey,3Rick A. Bright,3Marie-Jo Medina,3Influenza Genomics Group,3*Calvin M. Johnson,5Christopher W. Olsen,6Nancy J. Cox,3Alexander I. Klimov,3Jacqueline M. Katz,3Ruben O. Donis3
Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza virusesisolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racinggreyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equineinfluenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canineinfluenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistentwith a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changesin the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the newhost. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory diseasewas supported by the temporal association of rising antibodytiters with disease and by experimental inoculation studies.The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistencefor several years indicate efficient transmission of canineinfluenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in petdogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic inthis population.
1 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 18453, USA. 3 Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. 4 College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77841–3040, USA. 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849–5519, USA. 6 School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706–1102, USA.
* Influenza Genomics Group members are listed in the SupportingOnline Material.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rvd6{at}cdc.gov
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