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Complete Replication of Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Culture
Brett D. Lindenbach,1Matthew J. Evans,1Andrew J. Syder,1Benno Wölk,1Timothy L. Tellinghuisen,1Christopher C. Liu,2Toshiaki Maruyama,3*Richard O. Hynes,2Dennis R. Burton,3Jane A. McKeating,1Charles M. Rice1
Many aspects of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle havenot been reproduced in cell culture, which has slowed researchprogress on this important human pathogen. Here, we describea full-length HCV genome that replicates and produces virusparticles that are infectious in cell culture (HCVcc). Replicationof HCVcc was robust, producing nearly 105 infectious units permilliliter within 48 hours. Virus particles were filterableand neutralized with a monoclonal antibody against the viralglycoprotein E2. Viral entry was dependent on cellular expressionof a putative HCV receptor, CD81. HCVcc replication was inhibitedby interferon- and by several HCV-specific antiviral compounds,suggesting that this in vitro system will aid in the searchfor improved antivirals.
1 Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 3 Departments of Immunology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Published online 9 June 2005
Include this information when citing this paper.
* Present address: Alexion Antibody Technologies, San Diego, CA92121, USA.
Present address: Division of Immunity and Infection, Instituteof Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School,Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ricec{at}rockefeller.edu
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
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Jon Cohen (10 June 2005) Science308 (5728), 1539.
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Anti-hepatitis C Virus Activity of Tamoxifen Reveals the Functional Association of Estrogen Receptor with Viral RNA Polymerase NS5B.
K. Watashi, D. Inoue, M. Hijikata, K. Goto, H. H. Aly, and K. Shimotohno (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 32765-32772
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Exchangeable Apolipoprotein ApoC-I Promotes Membrane Fusion of Hepatitis C Virus.
M. Dreux, B. Boson, S. Ricard-Blum, J. Molle, D. Lavillette, B. Bartosch, E.-I. Pecheur, and F.-L. Cosset (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 32357-32369
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A Rab-GAP TBC Domain Protein Binds Hepatitis C Virus NS5A and Mediates Viral Replication.
E. H. Sklan, K. Staschke, T. M. Oakes, M. Elazar, M. Winters, B. Aroeti, T. Danieli, and J. S. Glenn (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 11096-11105
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Human combinatorial libraries yield rare antibodies that broadly neutralize hepatitis C virus.
D. X. Johansson, C. Voisset, A. W. Tarr, M. Aung, J. K. Ball, J. Dubuisson, and M. A. A. Persson (2007)
PNAS
104, 16269-16274
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of Novel Epoxide Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Using a High-Throughput Screen.
L. F. Peng, S. S. Kim, S. Matchacheep, X. Lei, S. Su, W. Lin, W. Runguphan, W.-H. Choe, N. Sakamoto, M. Ikeda, et al. (2007)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
51, 3756-3759
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Alanine Scanning of the Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Reveals Numerous Residues Essential for Production of Infectious Virus.
C. L. Murray, C. T. Jones, J. Tassello, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 10220-10231
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells initiate a complex chemokine and cytokine network and are a viable drug target in chronic HCV patients.
J. Decalf, S. Fernandes, R. Longman, M. Ahloulay, F. Audat, F. Lefrerre, C. M. Rice, S. Pol, and M. L. Albert (2007)
J. Exp. Med.
204, 2423-2437
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Bile Acids Promote the Expression of Hepatitis C Virus in Replicon-Harboring Cells.
Robust production of infectious viral particles in Huh-7 cells by introducing mutations in hepatitis C virus structural proteins.
D. Delgrange, A. Pillez, S. Castelain, L. Cocquerel, Y. Rouille, J. Dubuisson, T. Wakita, G. Duverlie, and C. Wychowski (2007)
J. Gen. Virol.
88, 2495-2503
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Studying Hepatitis C Virus: Making the Best of a Bad Virus.
T. L. Tellinghuisen, M. J. Evans, T. von Hahn, S. You, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8853-8867
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Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural Protein 5A Modulates the Toll-Like Receptor-MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Cell Lines.
T. Abe, Y. Kaname, I. Hamamoto, Y. Tsuda, X. Wen, S. Taguwa, K. Moriishi, O. Takeuchi, T. Kawai, T. Kanto, et al. (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8953-8966
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The C Terminus of Hepatitis C Virus NS4A Encodes an Electrostatic Switch That Regulates NS5A Hyperphosphorylation and Viral Replication.
B. D. Lindenbach, B. M. Pragai, R. Montserret, R. K. F. Beran, A. M. Pyle, F. Penin, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8905-8918
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Characterization of Fusion Determinants Points to the Involvement of Three Discrete Regions of Both E1 and E2 Glycoproteins in the Membrane Fusion Process of Hepatitis C Virus.
D. Lavillette, E.-I. Pecheur, P. Donot, J. Fresquet, J. Molle, R. Corbau, M. Dreux, F. Penin, and F.-L. Cosset (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8752-8765
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus p7 and NS2 Proteins Are Essential for Production of Infectious Virus.
C. T. Jones, C. L. Murray, D. K. Eastman, J. Tassello, and C. M. Rice (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8374-8383
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Monitoring the Antiviral Effect of Alpha Interferon on Individual Cells.
C. S. Kim, J. H. Jung, T. Wakita, S. K. Yoon, and S. K. Jang (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8814-8820
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
H. Tani, Y. Komoda, E. Matsuo, K. Suzuki, I. Hamamoto, T. Yamashita, K. Moriishi, K. Fujiyama, T. Kanto, N. Hayashi, et al. (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8601-8612
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C virus host cell interactions uncovered.
J. M. Gottwein and J. Bukh (2007)
PNAS
104, 13215-13216
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Disrupting the association of hepatitis C virus core protein with lipid droplets correlates with a loss in production of infectious virus.
S. Boulant, P. Targett-Adams, and J. McLauchlan (2007)
J. Gen. Virol.
88, 2204-2213
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Induces Proteolytic Cleavage of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins and Stimulates Their Phosphorylation via Oxidative Stress.
G. Waris, D. J. Felmlee, F. Negro, and A. Siddiqui (2007)
J. Virol.
81, 8122-8130
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
and by several HCV-specific antiviral compounds, suggesting that this in vitro system will aid in the search for improved antivirals. 
Present address: Division of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. 
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: 
