Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Published Online August 21, 2003
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1087447

Research Articles

Submitted on May 30, 2003
Accepted on August 13, 2003

A Gene Coexpression Network for Global Discovery of Conserved Genetic Modules

Joshua M. Stuart 1, Eran Segal 2, Daphne Koller 2*, Stuart K. Kim 3*

1 Stanford Medical Informatics, 251 Campus Drive, MSOB X-215, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.
2 Computer Science Department, Gates Building 1A, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-9010, USA.
3 Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: koller{at}cs.stanford.edu, kim{at}cmgm.stanford.edu.

To elucidate gene function on a global scale, we identified pairs of genes that are coexpressed over 3182 DNA microarrays from humans, flies, worms, and yeast. We found 22,163 such coexpression relationships, each of which has been conserved across evolution. This conservation implies that the coexpression of these gene pairs confers a selective advantage and therefore that these genes are functionally related. Many of these relationships provide strong evidence for the involvement of new genes in core biological functions such as the cell cycle, secretion, and protein expression. We experimentally confirmed the predictions implied by some of these links and identified cell proliferation functions for several genes. We assembled these links into a gene coexpression network consisting of 12 large components, and found several that were animal-specific as well as interrelationships between newly evolved and ancient modules.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Simultaneous inference of biological networks of multiple species from genome-wide data and evolutionary information: a semi-supervised approach.
H. Kashima, Y. Yamanishi, T. Kato, M. Sugiyama, and K. Tsuda (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 2962-2968
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coexpression network based on natural variation in human gene expression reveals gene interactions and functions.
R. R. Nayak, M. Kearns, R. S. Spielman, and V. G. Cheung (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1953-1962
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rank of Correlation Coefficient as a Comparable Measure for Biological Significance of Gene Coexpression.
T. Obayashi and K. Kinoshita (2009)
DNA Res 16, 249-260
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Wiring of Cell Wall-Related Genes in Arabidopsis.
M. Mutwil, C. Ruprecht, F. M. Giorgi, M. Bringmann, B. Usadel, and S. Persson (2009)
Mol Plant 2, 1015-1024
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Computational methods for discovering gene networks from expression data.
W.-P. Lee and W.-S. Tzou (2009)
Brief Bioinform 10, 408-423
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A global meta-analysis of microarray expression data to predict unknown gene functions and estimate the literature-data divide.
J. D. Wren (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1694-1701
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cross species analysis of microarray expression data.
Y. Lu, P. Huggins, and Z. Bar-Joseph (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1476-1483
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unraveling Transcriptional Control in Arabidopsis Using cis-Regulatory Elements and Coexpression Networks.
K. Vandepoele, M. Quimbaya, T. Casneuf, L. De Veylder, and Y. Van de Peer (2009)
Plant Physiology 150, 535-546
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Special Feature: Complex Systems: From Chemistry to Systems Biology Special Feature: Modeling the temporal interplay of molecular signaling and gene expression by using dynamic nested effects models.
B. Anchang, M. J. Sadeh, J. Jacob, A. Tresch, M. O. Vlad, P. J. Oefner, and R. Spang (2009)
PNAS 106, 6447-6452
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ATTED-II provides coexpressed gene networks for Arabidopsis.
T. Obayashi, S. Hayashi, M. Saeki, H. Ohta, and K. Kinoshita (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D987-D991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Meta-analysis and profiling of cardiac expression modules.
U. D. Akavia and D. Benayahu (2008)
Physiol Genomics 35, 305-315
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
OmicsViz: Cytoscape plug-in for visualizing omics data across species.
T. Xia and J. A. Dickerson (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 2557-2558
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PhosphoPOINT: a comprehensive human kinase interactome and phospho-protein database.
C.-Y. Yang, C.-H. Chang, Y.-L. Yu, T.-C. E. Lin, S.-A. Lee, C.-C. Yen, J.-M. Yang, J.-M. Lai, Y.-R. Hong, T.-L. Tseng, et al. (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, i14-i20
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comprehensive Flavonol Profiling and Transcriptome Coexpression Analysis Leading to Decoding Gene-Metabolite Correlations in Arabidopsis.
K. Yonekura-Sakakibara, T. Tohge, F. Matsuda, R. Nakabayashi, H. Takayama, R. Niida, A. Watanabe-Takahashi, E. Inoue, and K. Saito (2008)
PLANT CELL 20, 2160-2176
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
GeneCAT--novel webtools that combine BLAST and co-expression analyses.
M. Mutwil, J. Obro, W. G. T. Willats, and S. Persson (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, W320-W326
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CressExpress: A Tool For Large-Scale Mining of Expression Data from Arabidopsis.
V. Srinivasasainagendra, G. P. Page, T. Mehta, I. Coulibaly, and A. E. Loraine (2008)
Plant Physiology 147, 1004-1016
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Towards patterns tree of gene coexpression in eukaryotic species.
H. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Li, B. Shen, M. Ding, and Z. Shen (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, 1367-1373
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Network-guided genetic screening: building, testing and using gene networks to predict gene function.
B. Lehner and I. Lee (2008)
Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic 7, 217-227
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Practical and theoretical advances in predicting the function of a protein by its phylogenetic distribution.
P. R Kensche, V. van Noort, B. E Dutilh, and M. A Huynen (2008)
J R Soc Interface 5, 151-170
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Defective signal transduction in B lymphocytes lacking presenilin proteins.
T. Yagi, C. Giallourakis, S. Mohanty, C. Scheidig, J. Shen, H. Zheng, R. J. Xavier, and A. C. Shaw (2008)
PNAS 105, 979-984
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of a Tumor-Related Gene Network Increases in the Mammalian Hypothalamus at the Time of Female Puberty.
C. L. Roth, C. Mastronardi, A. Lomniczi, H. Wright, R. Cabrera, A. E. Mungenast, S. Heger, H. Jung, C. Dubay, and S. R. Ojeda (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 5147-5161
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Automated data integration for developmental biological research.
W. Zhong and P. W. Sternberg (2007)
Development 134, 3227-3238
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Current progress in network research: toward reference networks for key model organisms.
B. S. Srinivasan, N. H. Shah, J. A. Flannick, E. Abeliuk, A. F. Novak, and S. Batzoglou (2007)
Brief Bioinform 8, 318-332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systematic construction of gene coexpression networks with applications to human T helper cell differentiation process.
L. L. Elo, H. Jarvenpaa, M. Oresic, R. Lahesmaa, and T. Aittokallio (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, 2096-2103
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Matching Receptome Genes with Their Ligands for Surveying Paracrine/Autocrine Signaling Systems.
I. Ben-Shlomo, R. Rauch, O. Avsian-Kretchmer, and A. J. W. Hsueh (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 2009-2014
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
VisANT 3.0: new modules for pathway visualization, editing, prediction and construction.
Z. Hu, D. M. Ng, T. Yamada, C. Chen, S. Kawashima, J. Mellor, B. Linghu, M. Kanehisa, J. M. Stuart, and C. DeLisi (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, W625-W632
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systematic discovery of functional modules and context-specific functional annotation of human genome.
Y. Huang, H. Li, H. Hu, X. Yan, M. S. Waterman, H. Huang, and X. J. Zhou (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, i222-i229
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative analysis of microarray normalization procedures: effects on reverse engineering gene networks.
W. K. Lim, K. Wang, C. Lefebvre, and A. Califano (2007)
Bioinformatics 23, i282-i288
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Profiling of Cross Pathway Control in Neurospora crassa and Comparative Analysis of the Gcn4 and CPC1 Regulons.
C. Tian, T. Kasuga, M. S. Sachs, and N. L. Glass (2007)
Eukaryot. Cell 6, 1018-1029
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Getting connected: analysis and principles of biological networks.
X. Zhu, M. Gerstein, and M. Snyder (2007)
Genes & Dev. 21, 1010-1024
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired expression of NER gene network in sporadic solid tumors.
M. A. A. Castro, J. C. M. Mombach, R. M. C. de Almeida, and J. C. F. Moreira (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 1859-1867
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Approaches for Extracting Practical Information from Gene Co-expression Networks in Plant Biology.
K. Aoki, Y. Ogata, and D. Shibata (2007)
Plant Cell Physiol. 48, 381-390
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CellCircuits: a database of protein network models.
H. C. Mak, M. Daly, B. Gruebel, and T. Ideker (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, D538-D545
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conservation and evolution of gene coexpression networks in human and chimpanzee brains.
M. C. Oldham, S. Horvath, and D. H. Geschwind (2006)
PNAS 103, 17973-17978
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Coordination of the Metabolic Network in Arabidopsis.
H. Wei, S. Persson, T. Mehta, V. Srinivasasainagendra, L. Chen, G. P. Page, C. Somerville, and A. Loraine (2006)
Plant Physiology 142, 762-774
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Graemlin: General and robust alignment of multiple large interaction networks.
J. Flannick, A. Novak, B. S. Srinivasan, H. H. McAdams, and S. Batzoglou (2006)
Genome Res. 16, 1169-1181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Microarrays and the microscope: balancing throughput with resolution.
G. Coppola and D. H. Geschwind (2006)
J. Physiol. 575, 353-359
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cross-species analysis of biological networks by Bayesian alignment.
J. Berg and M. Lassig (2006)
PNAS 103, 10967-10972
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Context-specific infinite mixtures for clustering gene expression profiles across diverse microarray dataset.
X. Liu, S. Sivaganesan, K. Y. Yeung, J. Guo, R. E. Bumgarner, and M. Medvedovic (2006)
Bioinformatics 22, 1737-1744
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Is a Modulator of CARMA1-Mediated NF-{kappa}B Activation..
K. Ishiguro, T. Green, J. Rapley, H. Wachtel, C. Giallourakis, A. Landry, Z. Cao, N. Lu, A. Takafumi, H. Goto, et al. (2006)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 5497-5508
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
VIRGO: computational prediction of gene functions..
N. Massjouni, C. G. Rivera, and T. M. Murali (2006)
Nucleic Acids Res. 34, W340-W344
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
BABELOMICS: a systems biology perspective in the functional annotation of genome-scale experiments..
F. Al-Shahrour, P. Minguez, J. Tarraga, D. Montaner, E. Alloza, J. M. Vaquerizas, L. Conde, C. Blaschke, J. Vera, and J. Dopazo (2006)
Nucleic Acids Res. 34, W472-W476
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Normalization and quantification of differential expression in gene expression microarrays.
C. Steinhoff and M. Vingron (2006)
Brief Bioinform 7, 166-177
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparing gene expression networks in a multi-dimensional space to extract similarities and differences between organisms.
G. Lelandais, P. Vincens, A. Badel-Chagnon, S. Vialette, C. Jacq, and S. Hazout (2006)
Bioinformatics 22, 1359-1366
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A deterministic motif finding algorithm with application to the human genome.
L. S Hon and A. N Jain (2006)
Bioinformatics 22, 1047-1054
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Algorithm to find gene expression profiles of deregulation and identify families of disease-altered genes.
C. Prieto, M.J. Rivas, J.M. Sanchez, J. Lopez-Fidalgo, and J. De Las Rivas (2006)
Bioinformatics 22, 1103-1110
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein-A2/B1 Modulate Collagen Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase, {alpha} (I) mRNA Stability.
M. Fahling, R. Mrowka, A. Steege, P. Martinka, P. B. Persson, and B. J. Thiele (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 9279-9286
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Systematic identification of functional orthologs based on protein network comparison.
S. Bandyopadhyay, R. Sharan, and T. Ideker (2006)
Genome Res. 16, 428-435
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxicogenomics in Risk Assessment: Applications and Needs.
D. R. Boverhof and T. R. Zacharewski (2006)
Toxicol. Sci. 89, 352-360
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Splicing Factor Prp43p, a DEAH Box ATPase, Functions in Ribosome Biogenesis.
N. B. Leeds, E. C. Small, S. L. Hiley, T. R. Hughes, and J. P. Staley (2006)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 513-522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chromosomal clustering and GATA transcriptional regulation of intestine-expressed genes in C. elegans.
F. Pauli, Y. Liu, Y. A. Kim, P.-J. Chen, and S. K. Kim (2006)
Development 133, 287-295
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Topological and Functional Discovery in a Gene Coexpression Meta-Network of Gastric Cancer.
A. Aggarwal, D. Li Guo, Y. Hoshida, S. Tsan Yuen, K.-M. Chu, S. So, A. Boussioutas, X. Chen, D. Bowtell, H. Aburatani, et al. (2006)
Cancer Res. 66, 232-241
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of the Insulin Receptor-Related Receptor Is Induced by the Preovulatory Surge of Luteinizing Hormone in Thecal-Interstitial Cells of the Rat Ovary.
G. A. Dissen, C. Garcia-Rudaz, V. Tapia, L. F. Parada, S.-Y. T. Hsu, and S. R. Ojeda (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 155-165
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential coexpression analysis using microarray data and its application to human cancer.
J. K. Choi, U. Yu, O. J. Yoo, and S. Kim (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 4348-4355
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Microarray phenotyping in Dictyostelium reveals a regulon of chemotaxis genes.
E. O. Booth, N. V. Driessche, O. Zhuchenko, A. Kuspa, and G. Shaulsky (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 4371-4377
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reconstructing the pathways of a cellular system from genome-scale signals by using matrix and tensor computations.
O. Alter and G. H. Golub (2005)
PNAS 102, 17559-17564
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Hexosamine Signaling Pathway: Deciphering the "O-GlcNAc Code".
D. C. Love and J. A. Hanover (2005)
Sci. STKE 2005, re13
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A cross-species analysis of the rodent uterotrophic program: elucidation of conserved responses and targets of estrogen signaling.
J. C. Kwekel, L. D. Burgoon, J. W. Burt, J. R. Harkema, and T. R. Zacharewski (2005)
Physiol Genomics 23, 327-342
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Scale-free networks in cell biology.
R. Albert (2005)
J. Cell Sci. 118, 4947-4957
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Network constrained clustering for gene microarray data.
D. Zhu, A. O Hero, H. Cheng, R. Khanna, and A. Swaroop (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 4014-4020
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Correlation between sequence conservation and the genomic context after gene duplication.
R. A. Notebaart, M. A. Huynen, B. Teusink, R. J. Siezen, and B. Snel (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 6164-6171
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of regulatory targets of tissue-specific transcription factors: application to retina-specific gene regulation.
J. Qian, N. Esumi, Y. Chen, Q. Wang, I. Chowers, and D. J. Zack (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 3479-3491
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of genes required for cellulose synthesis by regression analysis of public microarray data sets.
S. Persson, H. Wei, J. Milne, G. P. Page, and C. R. Somerville (2005)
PNAS 102, 8633-8638
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Correlation between gene expression profiles and protein-protein interactions within and across genomes.
N. Bhardwaj and H. Lu (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 2730-2738
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetical Genomics Analysis of a Yeast Segregant Population for Transcription Network Inference.
N. Bing and I. Hoeschele (2005)
Genetics 170, 533-542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conservation and evolvability in regulatory networks: The evolution of ribosomal regulation in yeast.
A. Tanay, A. Regev, and R. Shamir (2005)
PNAS 102, 7203-7208
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Mpp11 J Protein: Ribosome-Tethered Molecular Chaperones Are Ubiquitous.
H. A. Hundley, W. Walter, S. Bairstow, and E. A. Craig (2005)
Science 308, 1032-1034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomes, phylogeny, and evolutionary systems biology.
M. Medina (2005)
PNAS 102, 6630-6635
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The end of "naive reductionism": rise of systems biology or renaissance of physiology?.
K. Strange (2005)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288, C968-C974
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Balancing protein similarity and gene co-expression reveals new links between genetic conservation and developmental diversity in invertebrates.
C. Lefebvre, J.-C. Aude, E. Glemet, and C. Neri (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 1550-1558
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Validation of alternative methods of data normalization in gene co-expression studies.
A. Reverter, W. Barris, S. McWilliam, K. A. Byrne, Y. H. Wang, S. H. Tan, N. Hudson, and B. P. Dalrymple (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 1112-1120
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic Architecture of Transcript-Level Variation in Differentiating Xylem of a Eucalyptus Hybrid.
M. Kirst, C. J. Basten, A. A. Myburg, Z.-B. Zeng, and R. R. Sederoff (2005)
Genetics 169, 2295-2303
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Database of mRNA gene expression profiles of multiple human organs.
C. G. Son, S. Bilke, S. Davis, B. T. Greer, J. S. Wei, C. C. Whiteford, Q.-R. Chen, N. Cenacchi, and J. Khan (2005)
Genome Res. 15, 443-450
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clusters of Co-expressed Genes in Mammalian Genomes Are Conserved by Natural Selection.
G. A. C. Singer, A. T. Lloyd, L. B. Huminiecki, and K. H. Wolfe (2005)
Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 767-775
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Improving genome annotations using phylogenetic profile anomaly detection.
T. S. Mikkelsen, J. E. Galagan, and J. P. Mesirov (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 464-470
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Conserved patterns of protein interaction in multiple species.
R. Sharan, S. Suthram, R. M. Kelley, T. Kuhn, S. McCuine, P. Uetz, T. Sittler, R. M. Karp, and T. Ideker (2005)
PNAS 102, 1974-1979
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dual-genome primer design for construction of DNA microarrays.
A. Andersson, R. Bernander, and P. Nilsson (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 325-332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A more efficient search strategy for aging genes based on connectivity.
L. Ferrarini, L. Bertelli, J. Feala, A. D. McCulloch, and G. Paternostro (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 338-348
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
STRING: known and predicted protein-protein associations, integrated and transferred across organisms.
C. von Mering, L. J. Jensen, B. Snel, S. D. Hooper, M. Krupp, M. Foglierini, N. Jouffre, M. A. Huynen, and P. Bork (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, D433-D437
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dynamics of cellular level function and regulation derived from murine expression array data.
B. de Bivort, S. Huang, and Y. Bar-Yam (2004)
PNAS 101, 17687-17692
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A General Survey of Thymocyte Differentiation by Transcriptional Analysis of Knockout Mouse Models.
D. Puthier, F. Joly, M. Irla, M. Saade, G. Victorero, B. Loriod, and C. Nguyen (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 6109-6118
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Shared Transcriptional Signature in Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larvae and Long-lived daf-2 Mutants Implicates Detoxification System in Longevity Assurance.
J. J. McElwee, E. Schuster, E. Blanc, J. H. Thomas, and D. Gems (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 44533-44543
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Environmental genomics: a key to understanding biology, pathophysiology and disease.
D. A. Schwartz, J. H. Freedman, and E. A. Linney (2004)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 13, R217-R224
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Disabled-2 Is a Negative Regulator of Integrin {alpha}IIb{beta}3-mediated Fibrinogen Adhesion and Cell Signaling.
C.-L. Huang, J.-C. Cheng, C.-H. Liao, A. Stern, J.-T. Hsieh, C.-H. Wang, H.-L. Hsu, and C.-P. Tseng (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 42279-42289
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene co-regulation is highly conserved in the evolution of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
B. Snel, V. van Noort, and M. A. Huynen (2004)
Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 4725-4731
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Towards dissecting nutrient metabolism in plants: a systems biology case study on sulphur metabolism.
V. J. Nikiforova, B. Gakiere, S. Kempa, M. Adamik, L. Willmitzer, H. Hesse, and R. Hoefgen (2004)
J. Exp. Bot. 55, 1861-1870
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CARRIE web service: automated transcriptional regulatory network inference and interactive analysis.
P. M. Haverty, M. C. Frith, and Z. Weng (2004)
Nucleic Acids Res. 32, W213-W216
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coexpression Analysis of Human Genes Across Many Microarray Data Sets.
H. K. Lee, A. K. Hsu, J. Sajdak, J. Qin, and P. Pavlidis (2004)
Genome Res. 14, 1085-1094
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuroendocrine Transcriptome in Genetic Hypertension: Multiple Changes in Diverse Adrenal Physiological Systems.
R. S. Fries, P. Mahboubi, N. R. Mahapatra, S. K. Mahata, N. J. Schork, G. W. Schmid-Schoenbein, and D. T. O'Connor (2004)
Hypertension 43, 1301-1311
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)