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Originally published in Science Express on 19 April 2001
Science 8 June 2001:
Vol. 292. no. 5523, pp. 1863 - 1876
DOI: 10.1126/science.1059493
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Research Articles

Structural Basis of Transcription: RNA Polymerase II at 2.8 Ångstrom Resolution

Patrick Cramer,* David A. Bushnell, Roger D. Kornbergdagger

Structures of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II have been derived from two crystal forms at 2.8 and 3.1 angstrom resolution. Comparison of the structures reveals a division of the polymerase into four mobile modules, including a clamp, shown previously to swing over the active center. In the 2.8 angstrom structure, the clamp is in an open state, allowing entry of straight promoter DNA for the initiation of transcription. Three loops extending from the clamp may play roles in RNA unwinding and DNA rewinding during transcription. A 2.8 angstrom difference Fourier map reveals two metal ions at the active site, one persistently bound and the other possibly exchangeable during RNA synthesis. The results also provide evidence for RNA exit in the vicinity of the carboxyl-terminal repeat domain, coupling synthesis to RNA processing by enzymes bound to this domain.

Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.
*   Present address: Institute of Biochemistry, Gene Center, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.

dagger    To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kornberg{at}stanford.edu

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